SAT GRE
基本释义
[verb] damage or remove part of the surface of (the skin)
[动词] 损伤或去除（皮肤）表面的一部分
双语名著
The diamonds and rubies seem wet, and make veiled beings in the shadow below weep, their sides bruised with the hair shirt and their iron-tipped scourges, their breasts crushed with wicker hurdles, their knees excoriated with prayer; women who think themselves wives, spectres who think themselves seraphim.
金刚钻和红宝石都好象是湿润的，一些妇女戴着面纱，腰肢被毡毛内衣和铁针制成的鞭子扎得遍体鳞伤，双乳被柳条网紧紧束住，膝头因祈祷而皮破血流，伏在雕像下的黑暗中哭泣，那是些以神妻自居的凡妇，以天女自居的幽灵。
出自法国作家维克多·雨果的长篇小说《悲惨世界》（Les Misérables，原意为“悲惨的人们”“可怜的人们”）。该小说是19世纪最著名的小说之一，故事的主线围绕主人公土伦苦刑犯冉·阿让（Jean Valjean）的个人经历，融进了法国的历史、革命、战争、道德哲学、法律、正义、宗教信仰等，多次被改编演绎成影视作品。
背景图片
电影《悲惨世界》剧照
深入解读
Excoriate 一词源自晚期拉丁语 excoriare （剥皮），15世纪初进入英语时原指“剥人或动物的皮，以任何方式破坏和去除皮肤的外层”，可以与剥水果、蔬菜等皮的熟词 peel 联想记忆。这个基本含义发展到现在主要是用在医学领域作为一个专业术语表示“擦破、擦伤、剥落”皮肤，比如：
- 我绊了一下，摔了个四脚朝天。同时，我的双腿被尖刺擦破了。
I tripped and went sprawling. At the same time, my legs were excoriated by the prickles.
而到了18世纪初， excoriate 开始引申为一个正式用语表示“严厉斥责、痛斥”，多指在公共场合以一种非常严厉的方式批评某人、某个组织以及作品、观点、政治行为等，好比剥人一层皮那般严厉，比如：
- 他开始在护士面前痛斥那位医生。
He proceeded to excoriate the doctor in front of the nurses. - 这位总统痛斥西方新闻界充满偏见的观点和居高临下的态度。
The president excoriated the Western press for their biased views and condescending attitudes.
外刊例句
- In 1965 Ralph Nader published “Unsafe at Any Speed”, a bestselling book that exposed and excoriated the industry’s lax attitude.
1965年，拉尔夫·纳德出版了《任何速度都不安全》，这本畅销书揭示并痛斥了汽车制造业的懒散态度。
——《经济学人》 - Warren Buffett is latest billionaire to excoriate Donald Trump.
沃伦·巴菲特是最新一位斥责唐纳德·特朗普的亿万富翁。
——《纽约时报》
深度学习
excoriate (ex CORE ee ate) From the Latin word that means “to take off the skin,” this verb means not only literally “to remove the skin” but to censure strongly, as if flaying with words.
•Simon’s brutality as a talent show judge was so severe that contestants would often burst into tears as he excoriated them for the mistakes they had made during their performances.
•When Mara fell from her bike, her ankle was cut and her knee was excoriated.
——摘自《Fiske WordPower: The Most Effective System for Building a Vocabulary That Gets Results Fast》
[toggle title=机器翻译，仅供参考]
excoriate（ex CORE ee ate）来自拉丁语，意思是“脱下皮肤”，这个动词不仅字面意思是“去除皮肤”，还意味着强烈谴责，就像用语言剥皮一样。
•西蒙作为一名选秀节目评委的残忍程度如此之高，以至于参赛者经常会因其在表演中犯下的错误而泪流满面。
•当玛拉从自行车上摔下来时，她的脚踝被割伤，膝盖被擦伤。
[/toggle]
常见短语
“excoriate” 是一个动词，意为痛斥、严厉批评、责骂，通常用来描述强烈的指责或谴责某人或某事。
以下是包含 “excoriate” 这个词的 50 个短语，附上中文解释：
- excoriate someone – 痛斥某人
- excoriate a decision – 严厉批评决定
- excoriate a policy – 强烈批评政策
- excoriate a statement – 责骂某个声明
- excoriate a proposal – 严厉批评提议
- excoriate a speech – 痛斥某次演讲
- excoriate a report – 强烈批评报告
- excoriate a behavior – 责骂某种行为
- excoriate a company – 严厉批评某家公司
- excoriate a politician – 责骂某位政治家
- excoriate a decision – 强烈批评决定
- excoriate a policy – 责骂某项政策
- excoriate a statement – 强烈批评声明
- excoriate a proposal – 责骂某项提议
- excoriate a speech – 严厉批评演讲
- excoriate a report – 责骂某份报告
- excoriate a behavior – 强烈谴责某种行为
- excoriate a company – 严厉批评某家公司
- excoriate a politician – 责骂某位政治家
- excoriate a decision – 强烈谴责决定
- excoriate a policy – 责骂某项政策
- excoriate a statement – 强烈谴责声明
- excoriate a proposal – 责骂某项提议
- excoriate a speech – 强烈谴责演讲
- excoriate a report – 责骂某份报告
- excoriate a behavior – 强烈谴责某种行为
- excoriate a company – 严厉批评某家公司
- excoriate a politician – 责骂某位政治家
- excoriate a decision – 强烈指责决定
- excoriate a policy – 严厉谴责政策
- excoriate a statement – 强烈指责声明
- excoriate a proposal – 严厉谴责提议
- excoriate a speech – 强烈指责演讲
- excoriate a report – 严厉谴责报告
- excoriate a behavior – 强烈指责某种行为
- excoriate a company – 严厉谴责某家公司
- excoriate a politician – 强烈指责某位政治家
- excoriate a decision – 严厉抨击决定
- excoriate a policy – 强烈抨击政策
- excoriate a statement – 严厉抨击声明
- excoriate a proposal – 强烈抨击提议
- excoriate a speech – 严厉抨击演讲
- excoriate a report – 强烈抨击报告
- excoriate a behavior – 严厉抨击某种行为
- excoriate a company – 强烈抨击某家公司
- excoriate a politician – 严厉抨击某位政治家
- excoriate a decision – 强烈抨击决定
- excoriate a policy – 严厉抨击政策
- excoriate a statement – 强烈抨击声明
- excoriate a proposal – 严厉抨击提议
这些短语应该有助于你更好地理解 “excoriate” 这个词在描述痛斥、严厉批评、责骂的语境中的不同应用。
同近义词
- chafe: (with reference to a part of the body) make or become sore by rubbing against something
- abrade: scrape or wear away by friction or erosion
- scrape: rub or cause to rub by accident against a rough or hard surface, causing damage or injury
