秋兴
(八首其六)
瞿塘峡[1]口曲江[2]头,
万里风烟接素秋。
花萼夹城通御气,
芙蓉小苑入边愁[3]。
珠帘绣柱围黄鹄[4],
锦缆牙樯[5]起白鸥。
回首可怜歌舞地,
秦中自古帝王州。
本篇慨叹安史之乱以来,长安城满目疮痍。诗人在万里之外的瞿塘峡口,回想往日玄宗游幸曲江的盛况,对“自古帝王州”昔盛今衰的变化,不胜感慨。瞿塘为三峡门户,最险。曲江池,唐开元中疏凿,号为胜景。首联写如今万里唐家江山,全都淹没在这绵延万里的战火风烟之中。瞿塘峡与曲江口也接在这瑟瑟秋天的烽烟之中。花萼夹城,玄宗即位后,于兴庆宫西置楼,名曰花萼相辉之楼。后又筑夹城,天子游玩芙蓉园,必得从花萼楼夹城通过,故曰“通御气”,及后安禄山攻陷长安,作者羁身此地,望得山河破碎,故起边愁。颈联两句写当日皇帝游览之盛况,暗写今日江山之凋敝,昔盛今衰对比之中,可见作者的情怀。尾联歌舞地指曲江,秦中指长安,周秦汉隋都在此建都,秦州本帝王之州,今竟然以歌舞之故失去江山,实为可怜。金圣叹说这句有奉劝安禄山等国贼之意,秦州自古乃帝王之州,岂是逆贼可久居之地,暗示对来者的期待。
注释:
[1]瞿塘峡:峡名,三峡之一。
[2]曲江:地名,在长安的南边。
[3]入边愁:传来边地战乱的消息。
[4]黄鹄:鸟名,即天鹅。
[5]锦缆牙樯:带有华丽装饰的游船。
Reflections in Autumn
(VI)
Between the narrow Gorge and Winding River head
For miles and miles mild autumn breeze and mist out spread.
The royal way goes between walls with flowers in bloom.
To Lotus Hall where comes news of frontier in gloom.
The golden crane amid pillars and pearly screen,
Silver-white gulls around ivory masts or between.
What pity to see these places of dance and song
Where none of emperors or kings can reign for long!