登楼
花近高楼伤客心，
万方多难此登临。
锦江春色来天地，
玉垒浮云变古今[1]。
北极朝廷终不改，
西山[2]寇盗莫相侵。
可怜后主还祠庙，
日暮聊为[3]梁甫吟[4]。
公元764年十月，杜甫客居成都已有五年。那时吐蕃攻陷长安，所以诗人写《登楼》时，说到“万方多难”和“西山寇盗”，甚至连登楼看花也感到伤心了。于是诗人凭楼远望，看见锦江春水从天边汹涌而来，玉垒山上的浮云忽聚忽散，正像从古到今的人世变幻一样。这两句一句写水，向空间开阔视野；一句写云，就时间驰骋遐思。诗人不免起了忧国忧民之心，又从所见转到所想，希望大唐王朝如北极星一样永放光芒，希望西边的吐蕃不要兴兵入侵。但是皇帝昏庸，很像西蜀亡国之君刘后主，而自己却空怀济世之心，苦无献身之路，只能学诸葛亮诵《梁甫吟》了。全诗融自然景象、国家灾难、个人情思为一体，所以沈德潜说：“气象雄伟，笼盖宇宙，此杜诗之最上者。”
注释：
[1]变古今：与古今一同变化。
[2]西山：和吐蕃交界处的雪山，位于今四川省西部。
[3]聊为：不甘心这样做但还是这样做。
[4]梁甫吟：相传为诸葛亮所作古乐府曲名。
On a Tower
It breaks my heart to see blooming trees near the tower.
The country torn apart, could I admire the flower?
Spring comes from sky on earth and greens River Brocade,
The world changes now as then like white cloud o’er Mount Jade.
O royal court, like polar star remain the same!
Invaders from the west, don’t put our land in flame!
I’m sad to see the temple of the conquered king.
At dusk in praise of his minister I would sing.
《登楼》是唐代诗人杜甫创作的一首七言律诗，是一首感时抚事的诗。作者写登楼望见无边春色，想到万方多难，浮云变幻，不免伤心感喟。进而想到朝廷就像北极星座一样，不可动摇，即使吐蕃入侵，也难改变人们的正统观念。最后坦露了自己要效法诸葛亮辅佐朝廷的抱负，大有澄清天下的气概。全诗寄景抒情，写登楼的观感，俯仰瞻眺，融山川古迹、个人情思为一体，语壮境阔，寄慨遥深，都从空间着眼，体现了诗人沉郁顿挫的艺术风格。
“On a Tower” is a poem in seven lines written by Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The author writes that when he climbs the tower and sees the boundless spring colors, he thinks of the many difficulties in all directions and the changing clouds, so he is sad and saddened. He then thinks that the imperial court is like the North Star, unshakable, and that even if the Tubo invades, it will be difficult to change people’s orthodoxy. In the end, he reveals his ambition to follow the example of Zhuge Liang in assisting the court, with the ambition to clarify the world. The whole poem is about the scenery and the feelings of the poet, and the poem is about the view from the top of the building, the view of the mountains and rivers and the personal feelings.
