茅屋为秋风所破歌
八月秋高风怒号，
卷我屋上三重茅[1]。
茅飞渡江洒江郊，
高者挂罥[2]长林梢，
下者飘转沉塘坳[3]。
南村群童欺我老无力，
忍能对面为盗贼。
公然抱茅入竹去，
唇焦口燥呼不得，
归来倚杖自叹息。
俄顷风定云墨色，
秋天漠漠向昏黑。
布衾多年冷似铁，
娇儿恶卧踏里裂。
床头屋漏无干处，
雨脚如麻未断绝。
自经丧乱少睡眠，
长夜沾湿何由彻[4]！
安得广厦[5]千万间，
大庇[6]天下寒士俱欢颜，
风雨不动安如山！
呜呼！
何时眼前突兀[7]见此屋，
吾庐独破受冻死亦足！
公元760年八月，风雨交加，风把杜甫草堂屋顶上的茅草吹走，雨从破屋顶上漏下来，于是诗人就写了这一首《茅屋为秋风所破歌》。全诗可以分为四节：第一节五句，句句押韵，音响宏大，读来如闻秋风咆哮。第二节五句，写村童穷苦，抱狂风吹落的茅草而去，诗人心急如焚，但又无可奈何。第三节八句，写屋破又遭连夜雨的苦况。第四节五句，一、三句七字，二、五、六句九字，长句气势磅礴，由个人的艰苦联想到天下的寒士，迸发出奔放的激情和热烈的希望，显示了诗人博大的胸怀和崇高的理想。
注释：
[1]三重（chónɡ）茅：几层的茅草。
[2]挂罥（juàn）：挂着。
[3]塘坳（ào）：池塘。
[4]何由彻：怎样支撑到早晨天亮。
[5]广厦（shà）：宽敞高大的房屋。
[6]大庇：全部遮盖起来。
[7]突兀：形容房屋高高耸立的样子。
My Cottage Unroofed by Autumn Gales
In the eighth moon the autumn gales furiously howl;
They roll up three layers of straw from my thatched bower.
The straw flies across the river and spreads in shower,
Some hanging knotted on the tops of trees that tower,
Some swirling down and sinking into water foul.
Urchins from southern village know I’m old and weak,
They rob me to my face without a blush on the cheek,
And holding armfuls of straw, into bamboos they sneak.
In vain I call them till my lips are parched and dry;
Again alone, I lean on my cane and sigh.
Shortly the gale subsides and clouds turn dark as ink;
The autumn skies are shrouded and in darkness sink.
My cotton quilt is cold, for years it has been worn;
My restless children kick in sleep and it is torn.
The roof leaks o’er beds, leaving no corner dry;
Without cease the rain falls thick and fast from the sky.
After the troubled times troubled has been my sleep.
Wet through, how can I pass the night so long, so deep!
Could I get mansions covering ten thousand miles,
I’d house all scholars poor and make them beam with smiles.
In wind and rain these mansions would stand like mountains high.
Alas! Should these houses appear before my eye,
Frozen in my unroofed cot, content I’d die.
《茅屋为秋风所破歌》是唐代大诗人杜甫旅居四川成都草堂期间创作的一首歌行体古诗。此诗叙述作者的茅屋被秋风所破以致全家遭雨淋的痛苦经历，抒发了自己内心的感慨，体现了诗人忧国忧民的崇高思想境界，是杜诗中的典范之作。全篇可分为四段，第一段写面对狂风破屋的焦虑；第二段写面对群童抱茅的无奈；第三段写遭受夜雨的痛苦；第四段写期盼广厦，将苦难加以升华。前三段是写实式的叙事，诉述自家之苦，情绪含蓄压抑；后一段是理想的升华，直抒忧民之情，情绪激越轩昂。前三段的层层铺叙，为后一段的抒情奠定了坚实的基础，如此抑扬曲折的情绪变换，充分体现了杜诗”沉郁顿挫“的风格。
The poem “My Cottage Unroofed by Autumn Gales” is an ancient poem in the form of a song composed by the great poet Du Fu during his stay in Chengdu Cao Tang in the Tang Dynasty. The poem describes the painful experience of the author’s thatched house being broken down by the autumn wind and his family being rained on, expressing his inner feelings and reflecting the poet’s lofty ideology of worrying about the country and the people. The whole poem can be divided into four sections: the first section is about the anxiety of breaking the house in the face of the fierce wind; the second section is about the helplessness of the children holding the hut; the third section is about the pain of suffering from the night rain; and the fourth section is about the hope for a broad building, sublimating the suffering. The first three paragraphs are realistic narratives, describing the suffering of the family, with subtle and depressing emotions; the second paragraph is a sublimation of the ideal, expressing the worries of the people, with exciting and lofty emotions. The layers of narrative in the first three stanzas lay a solid foundation for the lyricism of the second stanza, and such a change of mood in a depressing and tortuous manner fully reflects the style of Du’s poem, “sullen and staccato”.
