SAT GRE
外刊例句
- True, they are still licking their wounds after the recent passage of draconian credit-card reforms.
的确，在经历了最近针对信用卡的严酷改革后他们还处在舔舐伤口的阶段。
——《经济学人》 - Now we’ve broken Iraq, liberating it to be a draconian state run on Sharia law, full of America-hating jihadists who were too brutal even for Al Qaeda.
如今我们把伊拉克搞得一团糟，将其解放了，却让它成为奉行伊斯兰教法的残暴国家，充满了憎恶美国人的圣战者，就连基地组织都认为这些人太野蛮。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[adjective] (of a law, punishment, etc.) extremely cruel and severe
[形容词] （法律、惩罚等）极其残酷和严厉
深入解读
公元前621年，希腊城邦雅典的统治者德拉古（Draco）迫于平民的压力，将以往的习惯法加以编纂，颁布了古希腊的第一部成文法。该法以严酷而闻名。对于刑事犯罪，一律处以死刑。就连盗窃水果这样的轻罪也是死刑。
德拉古解释说轻罪本来就该处死，至于重罪，因为找不到比处死更重的刑罚，所以也是处死。德拉古法如此严酷，以至历史学家说它不是用墨水写的，而是用血写的。德拉古法后来被古希腊政治家梭伦（Solon）修改，但由此产生了单词draconian，形容严厉苛刻。
影视用例
出自2006年美国歌舞电影《梦女孩》（Dreamgirls）。该片改编自1981年的同名百老汇音乐剧，在第79届奥斯卡金像奖上获得最佳女配角及最佳混音两个奖项。
单词历史
draconian严酷的
draconian /drəˈkəʊnɪən/形容法律、措施或规章异常严厉或严格。它源自公元前7世纪雅典立法者德拉科（Draco）的姓氏。约公元前621年，德拉科编制了雅典第一部详细严谨的成文法，而在此之前，雅典城邦的执政者们可肆意解释法律。德拉科编制的法律异常严酷：无论所犯何罪，几乎一律判处死刑。后人遂用draconian一词形容严刑酷律。公元前590年，雅典政治家梭伦颁布了一部较为宽松的法律。
英语词源
draconian：严厉的，推行严刑苛法的雅典统治者德拉古
公元前621年，希腊城邦雅典的统治者德拉古（ Draco ）迫于平民的压力，将以往的习惯法加以编纂，颁布了古希腊的第一部成文法。该法以严酷而闻名。对于刑事犯罪，一律处以死刑。就连盗窃水果这样的轻罪也是死刑。
德拉古解释说轻罪本来就该处死，至于重罪，因为找不到比处死更重的刑罚，所以也是处死。德拉古法如此严酷，以至历史学家说它不是用墨水写的，而是用血写的。德拉古法后来被梭伦修改，但由此产生了单词 draconian ，形容严厉苛刻。
- draconian：[drə’konɪən] adj. 严厉的，苛刻的
深度学习
draconian (dra CONE ee un) This adjective describes treatment that is seen as exceedingly harsh or severe. The severe legal code of Draco, a seventh-century BC Athenian politician, is here memorialized; no dragons are involved.
- Georgia knew she had violated the curfew her parents had set for her, but she still felt that grounding her for a month was a draconian punishment.
- Those who believe strongly in the right to bear arms will probably judge gun laws in the United Kingdom to be draconian.
——摘自《Fiske WordPower: The Most Effective System for Building a Vocabulary That Gets Results Fast》
[toggle title=机器翻译，仅供参考]
draconian（dra CONE ee un）这个形容词形容被视为极其严厉或严重的治疗。公元前七世纪雅典政治家德拉科的严厉法典在这里被纪念；没有龙参与其中。
- 乔治亚知道她违反了父母为她设定的宵禁，但她仍然觉得停飞一个月是一种严厉的惩罚
- 那些坚信携带武器权利的人可能会认为英国的枪支法是严厉的
[/toggle]
常见短语
“draconian” 是一个形容词，用来形容严苛、残酷或极端严厉的政策、法律或措施。下面是出现这个单词的50个短语，附上中文解释：
- draconian measures: 严苛措施
- draconian laws: 严酷法律
- draconian regulations: 极端严格的规定
- draconian policies: 残酷政策
- draconian punishment: 严厉惩罚
- draconian restrictions: 极端限制
- draconian enforcement: 严格执法
- draconian consequences: 严重后果
- draconian crackdown: 严厉打击
- draconian measures against: 对…的严格措施
- draconian approach: 极端严厉的方法
- draconian stance: 严酷立场
- draconian control: 严格控制
- draconian censorship: 严格审查制度
- draconian regime: 严苛的政权
- draconian requirements: 极端严格的要求
- draconian tactics: 残酷策略
- draconian measures to combat: 打击…的严格措施
- draconian measures to address: 应对…的严苛措施
- draconian implementation: 严格执行
- draconian sanctions: 严厉制裁
- draconian measures to control: 控制…的严格措施
- draconian response: 极端严厉的回应
- draconian measures to prevent: 防止…的严苛措施
- draconian measures to tackle: 解决…的严格措施
- draconian policies towards: 对…的残酷政策
- draconian measures to address the issue of: 应对…问题的严格措施
- draconian measures to enforce: 执行…的严厉措施
- draconian measures to ensure: 确保…的严格措施
- draconian measures to combat illegal: 打击非法…的严厉措施
- draconian measures to suppress: 镇压…的严苛措施
- draconian measures to tackle the problem of: 解决…问题的严格措施
- draconian laws aimed at: 旨在…的严酷法律
- draconian measures to address concerns about: 应对有关…的担忧的严格措施
- draconian measures to curb: 遏制…的严苛措施
- draconian measures to handle: 处理…的严格措施
- draconian measures to tackle issues related to: 应对与…有关问题的严格措施
- draconian measures to counter: 对抗…的严酷措施
- draconian measures to deter: 阻止…的严厉措施
- draconian policies to address: 应对…的残酷政策
- draconian measures to address the challenges of: 应对…挑战的严格措施
- draconian measures to regulate: 规范…的严苛措施
- draconian measures to handle the issue of: 处理…问题的严格措施
- draconian measures to combat terrorism: 打击恐怖主义的严厉措施
- draconian measures to combat corruption: 打击腐败的严酷措施
- draconian measures to address the concerns of: 应对…的担忧的严格措施
- draconian measures to control the spread of: 控制…传播的严苛措施
- draconian measures to address environmental: 应对环境…的严格措施
- draconian measures to tackle the issue of: 解决…问题的严酷措施
- draconian laws to combat: 打击…的严酷法律
同近义词
- stringent: (of regulations, requirements, or conditions) strict, precise, and exacting
- brutal: violent and cruel
- ruthless: having or showing no pity or compassion for others
