disperse
基本释义
[verb] distribute or spread over a wide area
[动词] 分布或散布在广阔区域
深入解读
Disperse 是一个容易与常见单词 disburse 相混淆的单词。该词由前缀 dis- （加强）+ 词根 perse （散开）+ e 构成，源自拉丁语 dispergere （分散）。
14世纪末进入英语后，先是用作及物动词表示“使烟、雾、云等分散、散开、消散”，以及“驱散、疏散”示威者、暴民、人群、船只、飞机等，侧重强调聚集体或者组合体朝着不同方向完全分解，也就是彻底驱散，相对于 scatter 而言构成单元的分离扩散更为广阔，比如：
- 那些牛甩动着尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
The cattle were swinging their tails to disperse the flies. - 警察用催泪弹驱散了抗议者。他们受到了特朗普的煽动。
Police dispersed the protesters with tear gas. They were egged on by Mr Trump.
到了16世纪20年代后，也开始用作不及物动词表示示威者、暴民、人群、船只、飞机等“散去”以及烟、雾、云等“消散、消失”，比如：
- 成群结伙的年轻人昨天在城里横冲直撞。最后他们散开了，消失在夜幕之中。
Gangs of youths went on the rampage in the city yesterday. At last they dispersed and melted into the darkness.
用在物理学中， disperse 还可以表示“使光色散”，比如：
- 三棱镜可使光色散。
A prism disperses light.
文学例句
Then Clare again stole a chink of light from the window, and they shared another meal, till by-and-by they were enveloped in the shades of night which they had no candle to disperse.
接着克莱尔又悄悄把窗户打开一点，透进来一些亮光，一起把晚饭吃了，苍茫的夜色渐渐袭来，他们没有蜡烛驱散黑暗，也就只好呆在黑暗中了。
出自英国小说家托马斯·哈代的长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》（Tess of the d’Urbervilles）。
外刊例句
- The deaths tend to be more widely dispersed and do not involve the devastation of property as do the ravages of wind and water.
热浪致死的案例往往更加分散，而且也不像飓风洪水那样损毁房屋。
——《经济学人》 - The soldiers, millions of them, came home from the war. They dispersed across the country, in big towns and small. It was not easy to recount what had happened to them, and for the dead it was impossible.
数以百万计的士兵从战场归来，分散到全国各地的大小城镇。叙述他们身上发生的事情并不容易，这对于死者来说更是不可能。
——《纽约时报》
快速记忆
disperse [dɪ’spɜːs] v. 分散 adj. 分散的
disperse 分散 ←同首词→ discrimination 歧视
eg. The police dispersed the inhabitants who had racial discrimination.
警察疏散了那些居民，他们是种族歧视者。
——摘自《快速记忆英语单词 口袋书》
常见短语
关于 “disperse“（分散，散开）的一些短语，附带中文解释：
- disperse a crowd: 驱散人群
- disperse into different directions: 分散至不同方向
- disperse the particles: 分散颗粒
- disperse the fog: 驱散雾气
- disperse the protesters: 驱散抗议者
- disperse the meeting attendees: 分散会议参与者
- disperse in the wind: 在风中分散
- disperse the team members: 分散团队成员
- disperse the crowd peacefully: 和平地驱散人群
- disperse the smoke: 驱散烟雾
- disperse the gathering: 散去聚会
- disperse the students after class: 下课后让学生散去
- disperse the crowd using tear gas: 使用催泪瓦斯驱散人群
- disperse the flock of birds: 驱散鸟群
- disperse the rioters: 驱散暴乱者
- disperse the cloud cover: 驱散云层
- disperse the demonstrators: 驱散示威者
- disperse the gathering crowd: 驱散聚集的人群
- disperse in all directions: 向各个方向散开
- disperse the troops: 驱散部队
- disperse the spores: 分散孢子
- disperse information: 分散信息
- disperse the enemy forces: 打散敌军力量
- disperse the rain clouds: 驱散雨云
- disperse in small groups: 分散成小组
- disperse the assembly: 解散集会
- disperse the rumor: 打破谣言
- disperse the congregation: 解散会众
- disperse the mist: 驱散薄雾
- disperse the team for different tasks: 将团队分散执行不同任务
- disperse the crowd with water cannons: 使用水炮驱散人群
- disperse the scent: 散发香味
- disperse the protesters peacefully: 和平地驱散抗议者
- disperse the formation: 解散编队
- disperse in search of food: 分散寻找食物
- disperse the foggy conditions: 驱散有雾的环境
- disperse the participants: 分散参与者
- disperse the gathering peacefully: 和平地解散聚会
- disperse the crowd using rubber bullets: 使用橡皮子弹驱散人群
- disperse the chemicals in the water: 将水中的化学物质分散
- disperse the formation of birds: 驱散鸟群的形成
- disperse the demonstrators with sound cannons: 使用声波炮驱散示威者
- disperse the fog by blowing wind: 通过吹风驱散雾气
- disperse the group into pairs: 将团体分散成两人一组
- disperse the storm clouds: 驱散暴风雨云
- disperse the molecules: 分散分子
- disperse the crowd using non-lethal methods: 使用非致命方法驱散人群
- disperse the gathered information: 分散收集的信息
- disperse the airborne pollutants: 驱散空气中的污染物
- disperse the company’s assets: 分散公司资产
同近义词
sprinkle: scatter or pour small drops or particles of a substance over (an object or surface
disseminate: spread (something, especially information) widely
diffuse: spread or cause to spread over a wide area or among a large number of people
