深海挑战

月球有人类的足印
There are human footprints on the moon.
漫游者正在火星地表探测
and Rover is exploring the surface of Mars.
我们能用谷歌♥搜索
We can Google a satellite picture
地球表面任意地方的卫星图
of any place on the Earth’s surface.
于是我们总以为我们的星球
So we often think that our planet
已被彻底探测
has been completely explored.
但海洋深处还藏有秘密
But the depths of the oceans remain a mystery
极端深处几乎没有
and the extreme depths
被认真观察过
have barely been glimpsed.
那是地球最后一处重要的待开♥发♥地带
Down there is the last great frontier of our world.
有12条海沟的深度超过4英里
There are 12 trenches that are over 4 miles deep.
它们长达数千英里
They’re thousands of miles long
组合面♥积♥比北美洲还大
and have a combined area greater than North America.
这块黑暗的土地正等待着被探索
That’s a dark continent down there, waiting to be explored.
人类未能亲眼观察那里 是因为没有机器能带我们前往
Unseen by human eyes because the machines don’t exist to take us there.
我梦想着建造这样的机器
It’s my dream to build such a machine,
进入里面
and get inside it
潜到世界上最深的地方
and dive to the deepest places in the world,
用自己的双眼去观察
to explore them with my own eyes.
深海挑战
年少时的我在一个纸箱里
I started preparing for these dives when I was a kid,
开始为潜水作准备
getting in a cardboard box.
合上盖子 幻想这就是潜艇
Close the lid, and imagine it was a submarine.
呯
Boosh.
用蜡笔来画一些仪器
Drawing with a crayon, you know, some gauges.
詹姆斯·卡梅隆 国家地理学会驻会探险家
燃料和…
Fuel and…
深度
depth.
在科学上 我是笨蛋
Yeah, I was a real science geek, you know,
但我要努力了解世界
but for me it was all about trying to understand the world,
了解可能的极限
understand the limits of possibility.
嘿 小伙伴
Hey, little buddy.
我想这想法来自于60年代还是小孩的我
I think it was from being a kid in the’60s
当时人们在进行许多探索
when we were doing so much exploration.
从登月到雅克·库斯托探索海洋
From going to the moon and Jacques Cousteau was exploring the oceans
我就喜欢这些事情
and, you know, I just loved that stuff.
我想不出还有什么比做深海探索者更酷的了
I couldn’t think of anything cooler than to be a deep ocean explorer.
我还记得深海第一次让我浮想联翩的情形
I can remember the first time that the deep ocean captured my imagination.
那是在里雅斯特号♥前往”挑战者深度”的时候
It was, you know, when Trieste went to the bottom of the Challenger Deep.
深潜器在1960年进行极限测试
The Bathyscaphe would pass its ultimate test in 1960,
第三代设备搭载着皮卡尔的儿子雅克和唐·沃尔什
its third model carrying Piccard’s son, Jacques, and Don Walsh
下潜35000英尺进入马里亚纳海沟
35,000 feet down into the Mariana Trench.
挑战者深渊 1960年1月23日
在那个时代 的里雅斯特号♥深潜器是令人惊异的机器
The Bathyscaphe Trieste was an amazing machine for its time.
一个150吨♥重的大钢筒
A massive 150-ton steel balloon
为了提供浮力 装满了汽油
filled with gasoline for flotation.
它下面挂着一个给船员使用的
It had a 14-ton pressure sphere
14吨♥重的耐压球
for the crew slung underneath.
氧气压力接近1巴
Oxygen, one thin bar.
洗涤器风机在转
Scrubber fans on.
该死
Damn it.
测速计受到冲击
Tachometer’s taken a hit.
不管用了
We go without it.
在球体里 美国海军第8舰队上尉唐·沃尔什
Inside the sphere,U. 8. Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh
和科学家雅克·皮卡德
and scientist Jacques Piccard
驾驶的里雅斯特号♥前往挑战者深渊海底
would pilot Trieste to the bottom of Challenger Deep.
这是一次载入史册的潜水
It was a dive into history.
但其后再没有人重返
But no one has been back since.
正如的里雅斯特号♥
Just like on Trieste,
我们新潜水器的核心部件也是一个钢球
the heart of our new sub is a steel sphere,
经炉火锻造而成
forged in fire.
52年之后 依然没有更好的解决之道
52 years later, there’s still no better solution.
球体是对抗压力的天然的完美形状
The sphere is nature’s perfect shape for resisting pressure.
它将保护我免受海底压力带来的伤害
And it’s going to protect me from the crushing force down at the bottom.
那里的压力超过每平方英寸16000磅
Over 16,000 pounds per square inch.
就好比把两辆悍马车压在你的拇指甲上
That’s like having two Humvees stacked on your thumbnail.
设计和建造这个球体我们花了三年
it’s taken us three years to design and build this sphere.
我们对它进行热处理…
We have to heat treat the steel…
使它足够坚固 以便能经受起
to be strong enough to withstand the weight
垂直高度7英里的水的重量
of seven vertical miles of water.
球体压力测试 美国宾州州立大学 2009年
我们必须确认球体是安全的
We have to know that the sphere is safe.
如果它在实际潜水中变形
If it buckles on a real dive,
它将会发生高超音速的内爆
it’ll implode at hypersonic speed
而我会在约2毫秒内变成一团喂鱼的肉酱
and I get chummed into a meat cloud in about two microseconds.
罗恩·阿勒姆 深海挑战者号♥合作设计师
第一次测试它时 我听到叮当的响声
The clinks I heard when we tested it the first time,
在除掉应力裂纹时 就没有了
when we got rid of the stress cracking, that hasn’t happened.
16000psi[磅/平方英寸]
It’s 16,000 psi.
看来完成了
Looks like we’ve done it.
你应该开心 我们顺利完成了
Yeah, you got to be happy with that. We’re all the way to the top.
-与预期的一样 -正如预期
-So, it’s as you predicted? -It’s as we predicted.
-做得好 -你真行 罗恩
-Well done. -Good on you, Ron.
在你设计新的东西时
When you design technology to do something new,
它看起来会很奇特
it’s going to look strange.
深海挑战号♥是一台竖立的鱼雷状机器
The Deepsea Challenger is a vertical torpedo.
它被设计为能在水中高速穿梭
it’s designed to scream down through the water column at high speed.
因为我们宁愿把时间花在海底
The reason for that is we’d just rather spend the time at the bottom
花在工作和探索上
working, exploring,
也不愿花在7英里海水的穿越上
working, exploring, than going through seven miles of water.
事实上 有某些鱼类是以竖立的状态
There are certain fish that actually will hover
在礁石上盘旋的
over the reef in a vertical position.
可以说 大自然提供了一个活生生的例证
So, nature provided an example
说明潜水器以竖立状态在水中穿梭
of the fact that it’s not crazy to think that a submersible
并不是疯狂之举
can move through the water in an upright position.
深海挑战者号♥并不是
Deepsea Challenger is not a stunt vehicle
为了创造下潜深度纪录的噱头
to just go down and set a depth record.
从设计伊始 它就是一个科学平台
it’s designed from the ground up as a science platform.
它拥有一个用于取样的液压机器手
There’s a hydraulic manipulator arm for taking samples.
一个位于采集通道内的样品盘
A sample tray in the science door.
数条用于获取沉积物的空心管
There are push cores for taking sediment.
一个搭载仪器的有效载重舱
A payload bay for instruments.
还有两台3D摄影机
And two 3D cameras,
一台在悬杆上 一台在机械手上
one on the boom and one on the arm.
它上面的每一样东西都得重新打造
Every single thing on this vehicle has to be built from scratch
以便能经受压力的破坏
to withstand the crushing pressure.
悉尼 澳大利亚 2011年12月
我们如同”贱民”一样
it’s just this kind of ragtag group
在这间狭小的工厂里
working in this little tiny shop
紧挨着一边的管道设备
next to a plumbing supply place on that side
和另一边的胶合板工作
and a plywood supply place on that side.
甚至没有人知道我们在这里干什么
You know, nobody even knows what we’re doing in here.
这台设备有许多神奇之处
And one of the most amazing things about this vehicle
例如在下潜中 它会在压力下收缩超过2英寸
is that it shrinks over two inches during the dive from pressure.
这足以剪断航♥空♥器级别的螺栓
That’s enough to shear aircraft grade bolts.
嗯 还差得远呢
Yeah, it’s still got to go in quite a way.
所以球体要用捆带紧紧绑在潜水器上
So the sphere is actually held on to the sub by straps.
2011年12月8日
我们还要与紧迫的时间作斗争
But we’re also fighting the pressure of time.
我们的考察船已抵达
Our expedition ship just arrived
我们想在三个星期内出发 但没有潜水器
and we’re supposed to leave in less than three weeks, but we don’t have a sub.
潜水器的部件都还堆在工厂里
it’s still in pieces all over the shop.
问题有多大
How big a problem is that?
戴夫·沃瑟斯朋 工程管理
我要知道潜水器的进展时间
I need to know when we’re going to see some action on that sub,
以便我们能开始整合
so we can start doing some integration.
如果你说是1月3日
If you’re saying 3rd of January
我们就要实现
we’re going to have it wired out,
这样我们还有数星期去完成整合
we’re still weeks away from getting integration done.
我们必须有一个整合的时间表
We have to have an integration schedule.
我要这个时间表挂在那边墙上 好吗
I want that schedule put up on the wall right over there, okay?
写上任务 什么时候准备测试
Who’s got to have their stuff plugged in, ready to test, when.
每个人按照时间表各负其责
And everybody is going to be individually accountable for their stuff to that schedule.
我们的船已停泊在码头却无事可做
We’ve got a ship sitting at that pier down there with nothing to do.