危险的日子：银翼杀手制作始末（2007）

And we took the flying-buttress wings on the pyramid itself…
我们拿掉金字塔的拱壁
We would take those because they were all separate
我们能拿掉那些，因为它们都是独♥立♥的零件
and bring them together and create a building.
然后将它们堆在一起，当成建筑物
There’s even a kitchen sink in one of them with a bunch of stuff glued on it.
甚至还有厨房♥水槽，上面黏了一堆杂七杂八的东西
There were some purpose-built buildings that were different from this building set.
还有其他的建筑模型，不是要用在这场戏上的
The precinct tower was a main one.
高塔是主角
They were sort of off-scale and forced-perspective-scale things.
它们很大，适合做强制视野拍摄
And they were really just a lot of fantasy shapes.
形状也是千奇百怪
And to save time, we just thought, “Well, let’s start with something.”
为了节省时间，我们想：“我们可以从这些开始”
And we started with the roof.
我们从屋顶开始
Once again, it was a hybrid building that was constructed out of pieces that were left lying around.
这也是混合建筑，用我们捡来的零件拼凑而成
The top of it is actually a piece from the Close Encounters revised edition
上面是 第三类接触 留下来的零件
where Richard Dreyfuss goes into the mothership and the ceiling lifts off.
就是那块被拿掉的天花板，理查德·德莱福斯从那里进入母舰的
And that was the ceiling piece that eventually became the top of the police station.
这就是那块天花板，最后那成了警局屋顶
What most people are amazed at
大数人觉得很讶异
a lot of those sets were no bigger than 12 feet by 12 feet.
很多场景面♥积♥不会超过 4 米乘 4 米
You know, we weren’t shooting on very large stages
我们不是在超大摄影棚拍摄的
and this one shot, spiraling down onto the roof of the precinct tower
这个镜头是从分局屋顶往下降
we wanted to get the camera up and the camera wouldn’t boom up that high.
我们得扛着摄影机，摄影机无法架在那么高的支臂
So we brought the whole miniature down to the camera
我们将模型搬到摄影机前
basically by tilting it onto an oblique angle on its side
倾斜让侧面朝向一边
so that the camera could reach high enough to get that aerial shot
摄影机可以抬高俯视由空中拍摄
and be far enough back from the tops of the building at the same time.
而且跟建筑顶部的距离够远
That Bradbury Atrium shot, I was there that evening with–
布莱德柏利大楼的镜头，那晚我也在
We went out to do that plate
我们要做这个板子
and the crew was so busy and so difficult
工作人员都很忙，难度很高
and every piece of equipment was used and there were cables everywhere
我们用光了所有的材料，到处都是电线
so when they left the interior of the Bradbury Building
当他们离开布莱德柏利大楼内部时
it was dark. It was turned off.
里面非常暗，灯熄了
And we didn’t have time to light that whole thing
我们没时间打灯光
looking up with the staircases and the elevator and up to the skylight.
查看楼梯、电梯跟天窗
So we found an angle for that shot, the camera was set up
我们找了个拍摄角度架好摄影机
and Douglas said, “Just fire when I say so.”
道格拉斯说：“听我的口令拍摄”
And I wasn’t– I didn’t know what he was gonna do.
我不知道他要做什么
He marched through the building and illuminated the building in pieces
他跑过建筑想办法照亮模型
so we’d open– We’d take the lens cap off and he’d say, “Fire.”
我们打开镜头盖，他说“开始”
And he’d fire the strobe, and that amount of exposure would– Was maybe 20 strobes.
他打开闪光灯，那样的曝光是，或许有 20 个闪光灯
–would go to the 8-by-10.
大小是 8 乘 10
And that built up the exposure that gave us the upshot.
累积曝光让我们拍摄
And then John Wash and company mounted that on a large piece of glass
约翰·华许跟大伙儿们把它放在一大块玻璃上
and cut out every one of those windows on a mullion.
切下竖框上的窗户部分
And then that sat right in front of the blimp.
放在飞船前面
We just put the miniature blimp behind there
我们将飞船模型放在后面
and all the light effects coming through the glass were happening right in front of the camera.
光穿透玻璃的效果就在镜头前发生
The shots looking up through the skylight of the Bradbury Building with that blimp going over
从布莱德柏利大楼天窗向上拍摄飞船飞过去的镜头
it’s breathtaking, and I don’t think it’s been surpassed.
真的很神奇，我不觉得有人能超越我们
I mean, you talk about digital effects looking real or impressive.
数字效果看起来是很逼真
Those shots of that blimp going overhead when it’s against the miniatures
飞船从头上飞过去的镜头，衬着模型
or when it’s against that Bradbury skylight with the shafts of light cutting through.
飞到布莱德柏利大楼前，光线射穿了过来
That’s inspiring.
那真的让人觉得兴奋
You know, it’s just beautiful.
非常漂亮
In those days, in the case of some of the visual-effects work on that movie
那时本片使用的视效之一
we used a process called matte painting.
就是背景绘图
And matte painting is a technique that is used to alter the look of a location or a set in a motion picture.
背景绘图可以用来改变外景地点的模样或是摄影棚里的场景
And mostly, it is a process that is done in postproduction.
这个方法主要是在后制阶段使用
So it’s a combination of painted artwork and live-action photography.
结合了绘画跟实境摄影
That is even beyond digital.
那超过了数字技术
米歇尔·莫恩，背景绘图师
I mean, it’s better than anything
那是最佳的效果
because it’s photography that is shot and exposed at the same time.
因为我们得在拍摄的同时曝光
The matte painting’s exposed with the live-action photography.
背景绘图跟实境拍摄一起曝光
So it just is on one piece of film.
所以其实那是同一个镜头
So everything I did was kind of a lock-off.
我做的每件事都是要固定住效果
And Matt Yuricich, the matte painter
背景绘图师马特·尤里西奇
was the brother of Yuricich, the special-effects cameraman.
是特效摄影师尤里西奇的弟弟
There are technical issues that go into matte painting to make it look real
要将背景绘图画得很真实有技术上的问题
and that’s where the real matte-painting art comes in.
那就是真正的背景绘图艺术所在
Certain colors photograph differently
照片的色调不一致
you have to work in certain densities to produce the effect of depth and everything.
要运用不同的密度来制♥造♥出深度
And Matthew was a genius at that and could achieve that.
在那方面麦特是天才，他可以做到那一点
And one of his unique skills was painting for dupe stock.
他的独特技巧之一就是在翻拍底片上作画
It’s a very kind of hard thing to understand
那真的很难了解
but in order to retain the quality of the matte painting without–
但为了保持背景绘图的品质而不用
The matte painting would have to go through generations of duplication.
背景绘图得透过不断的翻拍
The matte paintings would be added as the last exposure in a completed shot.
在完成镜头最后一次曝光时加上背景绘图
And so the last exposure would be onto dupe negative not regular, normal cinematic negative.
最后一次曝光是在翻拍底片上，不是一般的电影底片
And so Matthew had learned to transpose all these colors in his head
马修学会了在脑子里转换这些颜色
and paint matte paintings that he knew green would turn into blue
用背景绘图将绿色变成蓝色
or orange would turn into red, yellow would turn into green, or whatever.
或是橘色变成红色，黄色变绿色等等
He could paint these paintings that, of themselves, looked horrible
他可以自己为这些本身看起来蛮可怕的画上色
but exposed onto the dupe stock, just looked like magic.
可是在翻拍底片上曝光后，效果让人惊艳
Of course, what that does is save a generation going straight from the dupe stock to the screen.
当然那省下一次翻拍的功夫，直键从翻拍底片搬上银幕
Now, with the paintings themselves, on the case of Blade Runner
在 银翼杀手 里的画
they were about 3-by-6 feet in dimension.
大约是 1米乘 2 米大
And you can paint, with certain-sized brushes
你可以用一定大小的画笔来画
and loose enough so that the camera doesn’t see the brushstrokes
轻轻带过，不让摄影机拍到画笔痕迹
and you can use broader strokes and actually get away with it.
你可以用大一点的画笔也不会被发现
Well, there’s a kind of a natural blurriness to live-action photography of real things.
拍摄真实物品很自然就会有模糊感
If you actually analyze a motion-picture photograph
如果可以分♥析♥电影摄影
of a building or a horizon or the sky or clouds or whatever
不论是建筑、地平线、天空或是云
it’s always kind of a little bit blurry.
都会看起来都有点模糊
The straight lines aren’t really straight. If you stand next to a pillar or next to a…
如果你站在柱子边，直线不是直的
The detail or the texture of something is lost.
质感细节也会不见了
If you paint so sharp and so perfect on something in scale
如果模型画得太仔细逼真
it comes back that way and it doesn’t look real.
会适得其反，看起来不真实
So it’s just the– It’s the texture and light.
那是质感跟光线的关系
And so there was always a little bit of what we call scumbling or blurring
模糊的感觉是一定会有的
to just soften the edges of the painting to just make it kind of fall back into the scene.
让画作的边缘柔和一点，跟场景感觉一致
There are, like, really not paintings in this film.
本片感觉好像没有用到真正的画
There’s portions of paintings.
只有一部分的画
And some shot might have had five or six paintings
或许有五到六张画
where a section was burnt in that could’ve been fluorescence.
有一部分做过处理，会发光
Well, in the Tyrell office, there was a painting for the exterior
在泰瑞办公室外的戏用到一张画
where the pyramid had to be finished, going up.
金字塔要有特殊效果
But Ridley wanted to backlight it, of course– As it should have been.
但雷德利要加背光，那是一定要的
The sun ball was directly out.
那时太阳已经下山了
–and when you shoot front projection, you never backlight
拍前景投影时不能用背光
because you’re lighting into the beam splitter and it flares everything and washes it out.
因为光线直对分光器会照亮四周，反而没有效果
So it was a very nervous time.
所以那时非常紧张
The whole top third of the frame is a oil matte painting.
画面上方三分之一是油性背景绘图
And passes.
不断重拍
The sun was put in on a subsequent machine called Compsee.
阳光是后来由机器投射出来的
Which we would then take an optical and do a holdout for the wing of the pyramid and burn it in.
我们拿了光纤跟架子放在金字塔翅膀上贴好
And Matt Yuricich, who was doing the painting, would know that:
负责背景绘图的马特·尤里西奇知道
“Okay, there’s a bright light there.”
“好吧，那边有亮光”
So he would work the rest of it out to all fit.
其他的问题就由他解决
But a lot of that was re-created.
很多镜头得经过处理
The pillars were extended up.
柱子加长
The ceiling was added in in matte painting.
在背景绘图加上天花板
Those shots all came together real well.
那些镜头的组合效果很好
I really like seeing Sean walk through the sun ball
我很喜欢看肖恩走过阳光前
because that was all rotoscoped and it was a very scary shot.
因为那完全是动作描图，那是非常可怕的镜头
It was a beautiful shot.
也是很漂亮的镜头
It’s my favorite in the film.
是我在片中的最爱
And you watch the film, and you know it’s an effect
看到这个镜头，你知道那是特效
but you just don’t perceive it as an effect.
但你不会相信那是特效
You’re in the Tyrell Corporation office, and you just fall into it.
你在泰瑞公♥司♥的办公室里，你被吸引了
Katy Haber gave me a call and said
凯蒂·哈伯打电♥话♥跟我说
“Ridley wants you to meet Philip Dick and can he come down and see it?”
“雷德利要你见见菲利普·迪克，他能下去看看吗”
And I knew what I had, he’d love.
我知道他一定会喜欢
So I took him down to see rushes one day in Santa Monica.