IELTS SAT GMAT GRE
外刊例句
- Boutique lenders, by contrast, will accept a piece of art as sole collateral.
而专门贷款机构却可以接受仅用一件艺术品做担保物。
——《经济学人》 - The rest of the world now frets about becoming collateral damage in an escalating trade war.
世界上的其他国家现在都担心自己会在一场不断升级的贸易战中遭受附带伤害。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[adjective] additional but subordinate; secondary
[形容词] 附加但从属的；次生的
深入解读
Collateral 一词源自中古拉丁语 collateralis （伴随的、与……同时发生的），由前缀 co-, col- （共同）+ 词根 lateral （边）构成（从共边并行这个概念发展出伴随之义），14世纪末进入英语后开始表示“附属的、附加的、附带的”，强调通过某个间接或松散的关系随之而来，比如：
- 新上任的政府否认空袭期间有任何附带性的破坏。
The newly inaugurated government denied that there had been any collateral damage during the bombing raid. - 这两个恬不知耻的女人总是在为些枝节问题争吵。
The two brazen women are always bickering over collateral matters.
将这个概念用在血缘关系上，可以表示“旁系的”，与 lineal （直系的、嫡系的）相对，而用在医学领域则可以表示血管或神经“侧支”，比如：
- 旁系亲属
a collateral relative - 侧支循环
collateral circulation
等到了1832年， collateral 开始在美式英语中，由短语 collateral security （附属担保物）衍生出名词含义“抵押物、担保品”，即用来担保偿还贷款的物品，若违约将会被没收，比如：
- 过去几年里数千家新企业如雨后春笋般涌现出来。很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years. Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans. - 由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里的贫民无法从银行贷款。
The destitute here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.
名著用例
You of all people shouldn’t have to bother about collateral.
怎么连你也得找担保了。
出自美国作家玛格丽特·米切尔（Margaret Mitchell）创作的长篇小说《飘》（Gone with the Wind）。该小说在1937年获得普利策奖，是玛格丽特·米切尔在世时出版的唯一一部作品。不但它成为美国史上最为畅销的小说之一，而且由这部小说所改编的同名电影《乱世佳人》也成为影史上不朽的经典。
常见短语
“collateral” 通常用来表示抵押品、担保物等意思。以下是与这个词相关的 50 个短语，附带中文解释：
- collateral damage – 附带损害
- collateral security – 担保物
- collateral loan – 抵押贷款
- collateral agreement – 担保协议
- collateral assets – 抵押资产
- collateralized debt – 抵押债务
- collateral value – 抵押价值
- collateral requirements – 抵押要求
- collateralization process – 抵押化过程
- collateral release – 抵押物解除
- collateral consequences – 附带后果
- collateral source rule – 抵押源规则
- collateral estoppel – 抵押停止
- collateral protection insurance – 抵押保险
- collateral risk – 抵押风险
- collateral assignment – 抵押转让
- collateral shortfall – 抵押不足
- collateral liquidation – 抵押清算
- collateral seizure – 抵押物扣押
- collateral value assessment – 抵押价值评估
- collateral requirements – 抵押要求
- collateral agent – 抵押代理人
- collateral revaluation – 抵押重新估价
- collateral holding – 抵押持有
- collateral forfeiture – 抵押物没收
- collateral balance – 抵押余额
- collateral litigation – 抵押诉讼
- collateral impairment – 抵押损害
- collateral ownership – 抵押物所有权
- collateral recovery – 抵押物回收
- collateral release – 抵押物释放
- collateral utilization – 抵押利用
- collateral valuation – 抵押评估
- collateral assignment of lease – 租赁抵押转让
- collateralized mortgage obligation – 抵押抵押担保的抵押债券
- collateral security interest – 抵押担保权益
- collateral valuation report – 抵押估值报告
- collateralized loan obligation – 抵押担保的贷款债券
- collateralized fund obligation – 抵押担保基金债券
- collateralized bond obligation – 抵押担保债券债务
- collateralized commodity obligation – 抵押商品担保债券
- collateralized swap obligation – 抵押掉期担保债务
- collateralized debt obligation – 抵押债务担保
- collateralized loan security – 抵押贷款担保
- collateralized lending platform – 抵押贷款平台
- collateralized mortgage loan obligation – 抵押抵押贷款债务
- collateralized loan facility – 抵押贷款融资
- collateralized mortgage-backed securities – 抵押担保的抵押贷款支持证券
- collateralized real estate loan – 抵押不动产贷款
- collateralized security interest – 抵押担保权益
同近义词
- incidental: liable to happen as a consequence of (an activity)
- security: a thing deposited or pledged as a guarantee of the fulfillment of an undertaking or the repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in case of default
- pledge: a thing that is given as security for the fulfillment of a contract or the payment of a debt and is liable to forfeiture in the event of failure
