金雀花王朝（2014）

约克和兰开斯特两家王室陷入冲突
The Houses of York and Lancaster were on a collision course.
贵族们被逼着站队
The nobility was forced to take sides,
带头的许多家族的成员都被杀死
many members of the leading families were killed
这场权力斗争变得更加痛苦 血腥 仇恨
and the power struggle became ever more bitter, bloody and vengeful.
战争肆虐全英格兰
War raged across England,
五年之后 约克家族占得上风
and after five years the Yorkists were gaining the upper hand.
但随后 灾难来临
But then, disaster.
1460年 理查 这位约克公爵
In 1460, Richard, Duke of York
在韦克菲尔德战役中被杀
himself was killed in battle at Wakefield,
他的头颅被砍下 并挂在约克的城墙上
his head cut off and displayed on the walls of York,
戴着一顶纸王冠
wearing a paper crown
他就戴过这一顶王冠
– the only crown he ever wore.
但约克家的薪火传给了他的儿子 爱德华
But the Yorkist torch was taken up by his son, Edward.
他年仅18 既高又帅
Aged just 18, tall and handsome,
他将被证明是位强大的勇士
he would prove to be a formidable warrior.
在韦克菲尔德战役后 他控制了伦敦
After the Battle of Wakefield, he seized control of London,
并宣布自己为王
and had himself proclaimed king.
决定谁是金雀花真正国王的战斗
The battle to determine which Plantagenet was the rightful king
就发生在约克郡的陶顿这儿
took place here at Towton in Yorkshire.
当时大雪纷飞
In heavy snow,
这将是英格兰土地上最血腥的一场战役
this would be the bloodiest battle ever on English soil.
战斗持续了一整天
The fighting lasted all day,
黄昏降临时才出现转折点
the turning point coming as dusk fell.
约克家族的援军到来并袭击了兰开斯特军的侧翼
Yorkist reinforcements arrived and attacked the Lancastrian flank.
兰开斯特军被击退
The Lancastrians were pushed back
并开始惊慌地跑向山下
and began to fall down the hill, panic-stricken.
当他们滚下斜坡时 他们发现自己得跨过
As they tumbled down the slope, they found that they had to cross the river
那条在山脚下树林中的河
that runs at the foot of the hill, through the woods.
死尸开始堆积于河边上
The dead began to pile up in the river.
溃逃的兰开斯特军被迫爬过
The retreating Lancastrians were forced to clamber over what
一位历史学家所称的 “尸体之桥”
one chronicler called “bridges of bodies”.
据说有2.8万人死亡
28,000 men were reported dead.
但爱德华赢得了英格兰王座
But Edward had won the crown of England.
当爱德华四世于22后年逝世
When Edward IV died 22 years later,
他12岁的儿子继任为爱德华五世
his 12-year-old son was proclaimed Edward V.
当他过于年幼 难以掌权
But he was too young to take power
于是新国王的叔叔 理查
and the new king’s uncle, Richard,
看到了自己夺取王位的机会
saw an opportunity to win the crown for himself.
理查把爱德华及其弟弟
Richard placed Edward and his younger brother
关进了伦敦塔
in the Tower of London.
从此世人再未见过他们
They were never seen again.
理查三世加冕为王
Richard III was crowned king,
但他谋杀小王子的嫌疑引起了众怒
but his suspected murder of the young princes caused outrage.
兰开斯特家和部分约克家的人现在决定支持亨利·都铎
Lancastrians and some Yorkists now chose to back Henry Tudor,
不过都铎称王的正当性没那么充分
a man with a flimsy claim to the English throne.
亨利一直流亡在外
Henry had been living in exile
并赢得了法王的支持
and had won the support of the French king.
他登陆威尔士 率领着上千的法国♥军♥队
He landed in Wales with thousands of French troops
并在西进沿途聚集支持
and marched east, gathering support along the way.
理查和亨利的军队交战于
Richard and Henry’s armies clashed here
莱斯特郡的博斯沃思附近
near Bosworth in Leicestershire.
理查的军队占有数量优势
Richard’s army was far superior in numbers,
但其忠诚度却值得怀疑
but the loyalty of his men was in doubt.
首先他的士兵似乎不怎么用心战斗
At first, they seemed to be fighting half-heartedly.
但理查发现了一个机会能迅速结束战斗
But then Richard saw an opportunity to bring the battle to a swift end.
理查看到亨利·都铎仅带着一小队随从
Richard caught sight of Henry Tudor surrounded by only a small retinue
他便率几名忠心骑士直接朝他冲去
and he charged directly at him with a few loyal knights.
他的一名最强大的贵族 斯坦利勋爵
One of his most powerful nobles, Lord Stanley,
正看着战斗展开
was watching the battle unfold.
他的手下多达5千人 但他却不太忠诚
He commanded up to 5,000 men but his allegiance was in doubt.
当他看到理查孤立无援 处于弱势时
When he saw Richard isolated and vulnerable,
他选择了帮助都铎
he chose to back the Tudors
并派兵攻打那位金雀花国王
and unleashed his troops upon the Plantagenet king.
国王被背弃了 但他并没有逃跑
The king was abandoned but he chose not to flee.
金雀花王朝最后一位君主被砍下头颅
The last Plantagenet monarch was cut down by a lethal blow to the head.
其尸体被扒光并沿途游街到莱斯特
His corpse was stripped naked and paraded along the road to Leicester,
理查于此被埋入一个匆忙挖好的坟墓
where Richard was buried in a hastily-dug grave.
他参战所戴的王冠于博斯沃思大屠♥杀♥中被发现
The crown he wore into battle was discovered in the carnage at Bosworth,
并被戴到新国王亨利·都铎的头上
and placed upon the head of the new king – Henry Tudor.
金雀花王朝在统治了英格兰331年后
The Plantagenets, who had dominated England for 331 years,
消散如烟
fell into oblivion.