快速记忆
ban [bæn] v. 禁止,取缔 n. 禁令,禁忌
ban 禁止 ←词中词→ bank 银行
eg. The state governor bans the bank from selling goods.
州长禁止银行售卖商品。
——摘自《快速记忆英语单词 口袋书》
英语词源
ban:禁令,封建领主在其领地上发布的强制性公告
在欧洲的封建社会中,领主在自己的领地上( manor )拥有许多经济特权。其中一项特权是,领主可以发布公告,强制要求领地内的所有居民做某事或禁止做某事,如要求居民给领主服兵役、禁止狩猎、捕鱼等,甚至要求居民必须使用领主所提供的公用设施,如水井、磨坊、烤房、桥梁等,并向领主支付相应的使用费。领主所发布的这种公告在拉丁语中称作 bannun ,英语单词 ban (禁令)就来源于此,本来既可是命令做某事或禁止做某事,但后来词义逐渐缩小为“禁止做某事”。同源的还有单词 banns (结婚公告)。
从单词 ban 衍生出形容词 banal ,原意是“与 ban 有关的”,如 banal right 指的就是领主所拥有的发布公告的权利。由于领地内所有人都必须遵守领主的公告,所以 banal 一词逐渐产生“公共的,普遍的”之意,进而产生“司马见惯的,陈腐的”的含义。
单词 abandon (放弃)也与 ban 有关。它源自法语词组 à bandon ( under control or jurisdiction ),其中的à = at , bandon 和 ban 一样源自拉丁语 bannun ,表示“控制、管辖”。 该词组常用于法律术语 mettre a bandon ( put something under someone else ’ s control ),表示“放弃对某物的控制、放弃某些权利”,如 Mettre sa forest à bandon 意思就是放弃对森林的权利,其他人可以去森林狩猎、伐木。
- ban:[bæn] n. 禁令 vt. 禁止,取缔
- banns:[bænz] n. 结婚公告
- banal: [bə’nɑːl; -‘næl] adj. 平庸的,陈腐的,老一套的
- banality:[bə’nælɪtɪ] n. 陈词滥调,平凡,陈腐
- abandon: [ə’bænd(ə)n] vt. 放弃、舍弃、离弃
常见短语
- Imposed a ban: 实施禁令
- Lifted the ban: 解除禁令
- Enforced a ban: 执行禁令
- Violated a ban: 违反禁令
- Imposed a travel ban: 实施旅行禁令
- Imposed a smoking ban: 实施禁烟令
- Imposed a ban on weapons: 实施武器禁令
- Imposed a ban on imports: 实施进口禁令
- Imposed a ban on exports: 实施出口禁令
- Imposed a ban on gambling: 实施赌博禁令
- Imposed a ban on protests: 实施抗议禁令
- Imposed a ban on plastic bags: 实施塑料袋禁令
- Imposed a ban on alcohol: 实施酒精禁令
- Imposed a ban on fireworks: 实施烟花禁令
- Imposed a ban on hunting: 实施狩猎禁令
- Imposed a ban on fishing: 实施捕鱼禁令
- Imposed a ban on pesticide use: 实施农药使用禁令
- Imposed a ban on ivory trade: 实施象牙贸易禁令
- Imposed a ban on cell phone use: 实施手机使用禁令
- Imposed a ban on air pollution: 实施空气污染禁令
- Imposed a ban on hate speech: 实施仇恨言论禁令
- Imposed a ban on discriminatory practices: 实施歧视行为禁令
- Imposed a ban on animal testing: 实施动物实验禁令
- Imposed a ban on child labor: 实施童工禁令
- Imposed a ban on nuclear weapons: 实施核武器禁令
- Imposed a ban on doping: 实施兴奋剂禁令
- Imposed a ban on deforestation: 实施森林砍伐禁令
- Imposed a ban on hate crimes: 实施仇恨犯罪禁令
- Imposed a ban on counterfeit goods: 实施假冒商品禁令
- Imposed a ban on single-use plastics: 实施一次性塑料禁令
- Placed a ban on smoking: 禁止吸烟
- Imposed a ban on the sale of alcohol: 禁止销售酒类
- Imposed a ban on unauthorized access: 禁止未经授权访问
- Imposed a ban on public gatherings: 禁止公众集会
- Imposed a ban on offensive language: 禁止使用冒犯性言语
- Imposed a ban on loud music: 禁止播放嘈杂音乐
- Imposed a ban on excessive noise: 禁止噪音过大
- Imposed a ban on political rallies: 禁止政治集会
- Imposed a ban on price gouging: 禁止哄抬物价
- Imposed a ban on hate symbols: 禁止仇恨符号
- Imposed a ban on unauthorized parking: 禁止未经授权停车
- Imposed a ban on dangerous substances: 禁止危险物质
- Imposed a ban on counterfeit currency: 禁止假币
- Imposed a ban on offensive clothing: 禁止冒犯性服装
- Imposed a ban on animal cruelty: 禁止虐待动物
- Imposed a ban on hate groups: 禁止仇恨团体
- Imposed a ban on discriminatory policies: 禁止歧视政策
- Imposed a ban on unauthorized use: 禁止未经授权使用
- Imposed a ban on harmful substances: 禁止有害物质
- Imposed a ban on unauthorized entry: 禁止未经授权进入