abject 英 [ˈæbdʒekt] 美 [ˈæbdʒekt]
SAT TEM8 GRE
双语名著
At the period of his most abject misery, he had observed that young girls turned round when he passed by, and he fled or hid, with death in his soul.
在他最穷困时，他发现年轻姑娘们见他走过，常把头转过来望他，他连忙避开，或是躲起来，心情万分颓丧。
出自法国作家维克多·雨果的长篇小说《悲惨世界》（Les Misérables，原意为“悲惨的人们”“可怜的人们”）。该小说是19世纪最著名的小说之一，故事的主线围绕主人公土伦苦刑犯冉·阿让（Jean Valjean）的个人经历，融进了法国的历史、革命、战争、道德哲学、法律、正义、宗教信仰等，多次被改编演绎成影视作品。
基本释义
[adjective] (of something bad) experienced or present to the maximum degree
[形容词] （指不好的东西）最大程度地经历或出现
深入解读
Abject 是一个与熟词 object （物体；对象；目的；宾语；反对）十分形似的单词，源自拉丁语 abiectus （低矮的、蹲伏的；普通的、卑鄙的；沮丧的、气馁的），15世纪进入英语后原本主要用来指人“下贱的、卑躬屈节的、自卑的、怯懦的”，常暗示身份卑微或奴性可鄙，比如：
- 那个毫无经验的人低声下气，急于讨好别人。
The man destitute of experience sounded abject and eager to please.
- 通常，他对老板毕恭毕敬，近乎低三下四。但今天我见他非常暴躁。
Normally, he is almost abject in his respect for his boss. But today I saw him very chafe and fret at every pore.
俗话说“人穷志短”，谁也不想低三下四地讨好别人，但凡是沦落至此，很多时候也就意味着身处困厄之中不得已而为之，所以到了16世纪初 abject 就被用来喻指“悲惨绝望的、凄惨的、糟透的”，常搭配 poverty, failure, misery 等表示“赤贫、惨败、极度苦恼等”，强调糟糕到了极致，比如：
- 她拙劣的表演以大败告终。
Her abject performance ended in a fiasco.
- 结果已经证明这项外交政策上的微调彻底失败了。
This slightest nuance of change in foreign policy has turned out to be an abject failure.
外刊例句
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- In 1990, 36% of the world’s population lived in abject poverty.
1990年，世界上36%的人口生活在赤贫之中。
——《经济学人》 - In a world where authorities exercise absolute power and demand abject obedience, prisoners are almost always going to be on the losing side, and they know it.
在一个监狱当局行使绝对权力，并要求卑微顺从的世界中，囚犯们几乎总是处在输的一方，他们明白这一点。
——《纽约时报》
- In 1990, 36% of the world’s population lived in abject poverty.
深度学习
abject (AB jekt or ab JEKT) This adjective describes either a low condition or status or describes something most contemptible or most wretched. Appropriately, it comes from the Latin meaning “thrown aside.”
The writer Richard Savage lived many years in the most abject circum-stances, often walking all night for want of a place to lay his head.
To run away from a friend in need is one example of the most abject varieties of selfishness.
——摘自《Fiske WordPower: The Most Effective System for Building a Vocabulary That Gets Results Fast》
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下贱的（abjekt或abjekt）这个形容词描述了一种低下的条件或地位，或者描述了一些最可鄙或最可怜的东西。恰当地，它来自拉丁语的意思“扔到一边”
作家理查德·萨维奇（Richard Savage）多年来生活在最悲惨的环境中，常常因为找不到地方睡觉而整夜步行。
逃离困境中的朋友是最卑鄙的自私行为之一。
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常见短语
“abject” 是一个英语形容词，通常表示极端的、可怜的、卑贱的等含义。
以下是50个包含单词“abject”的短语，以及它们的中文解释：
- abject poverty: 极度贫困
- abject misery: 极度痛苦
- abject despair: 极度绝望
- abject failure: 彻底失败
- abject humiliation: 卑贱的羞辱
- abject submission: 卑躬屈膝
- abject surrender: 卑躬屈膝的投降
- abject servitude: 卑贱的奴役
- abject dependence: 极度依赖
- abject condition: 极度状况
- abject fear: 极度恐惧
- abject defeat: 彻底的失败
- abject shame: 极度耻辱
- abject apology: 极度的道歉
- abject apology: 极度的道歉
- abject neglect: 极度忽视
- abject loneliness: 极度孤独
- abject isolation: 极度孤立
- abject resignation: 卑躬屈膝的顺从
- abject silence: 极度的沉默
- abject laziness: 极度懒惰
- abject misery: 极度痛苦
- abject incompetence: 极度无能
- abject wretchedness: 极度可怜
- abject filth: 极度肮脏
- abject subservience: 卑贱的服从
- abject treachery: 极度背叛
- abject destitution: 极度赤贫
- abject dependence: 极度依赖
- abject desperation: 极度绝望
- abject hopelessness: 极度绝望
- abject helplessness: 极度无助
- abject poverty: 极度贫穷
- abject misery: 极度痛苦
- abject despair: 极度绝望
- abject failure: 彻底失败
- abject humiliation: 卑贱的羞辱
- abject submission: 卑躬屈膝
- abject surrender: 卑躬屈膝的投降
- abject servitude: 卑贱的奴役
- abject dependence: 极度依赖
- abject condition: 极度状况
- abject fear: 极度恐惧
- abject defeat: 彻底的失败
- abject shame: 极度耻辱
- abject apology: 极度的道歉
- abject neglect: 极度忽视
- abject loneliness: 极度孤独
- abject isolation: 极度孤立
- abject resignation: 卑躬屈膝的顺从
同近义词
wretched: (of a person) in a very unhappy or unfortunate state
miserable: (of a person) wretchedly unhappy or uncomfortable
pathetic: arousing pity, especially through vulnerability or sadness
