时间简史

除非脑子里不安生的人是我
except for that one time when I questioned.
最终我说服自己
I finally convinced myself…
黑洞确实有辐射
that black holes radiate…
我找到一种黑洞辐射的机制
when I found a mechanism through which this could happen.
根据量子力学
According to quantum mechanics…
空间充满虚粒子
space is filled with virtual particles…
和反粒子
and antiparticles…
它们成对地以实物形式存在
that are constantly materializing in pairs…
分离然后靠近
separating, coming together again…
共同湮灭
and annihilating each other.
在黑洞附近
In the presence of a black hole…
上述一对虚粒子中的一个
one member of a pair of virtual particles…
可能落进黑洞
may fall into the hole…
这样剩下在外面的一个就失去了伙伴
leaving the other member without a partner…
没法湮灭
with which to annihilate.
于是就成为辐射
The forsaken particle appears to be radiation…
被黑洞释放出来
emitted by the black hole.
所以黑洞并不能永远存在
And so black holes are not eternal.
它们以一个不断增加的速率蒸发
They evaporate away at an increasing rate…
直到在一次巨大的爆♥炸♥中灰飞烟灭
until they vanish in a gigantic explosion.
量子力学允许粒子和辐射
Quantum mechanics has allowed particles and radiation…
从黑洞这种终极监狱中
to escape from the ultimate prison
逃逸出去
a black hole.
爱因斯坦从未接受过量子力学
Einstein never accepted quantum mechanics…
正是因为它特有的概率与不确定性
because of its element of chance and uncertainty.
他说 “上帝是不玩骰子的”
He said, “God does not play dice.”
看来爱因斯坦可能错了
It seems that Einstein was doubly wrong.
黑洞中的量子效应
The quantum effects of black holes…
表明上帝不仅玩骰子
suggest that not only does God play dice…
他有时还把骰子扔到
he sometimes throws them…
无法观测的地方
where they cannot be seen.
他说他自己
He says himself…
要是
that, uh…
要是没有生病 就不会取得如今的成就
he wouldn’t have got to where he is if he hadn’t been ill.
而且我觉得这确实有可能
And I think that’s quite possible…
因为就像塞缪尔·约翰逊所说
because it’s like Johnson said:
如果你就要上绞刑架
The knowledge you’re to be hanged in the morning…
精神便会最集中
concentrates the mind wonderfully.
从某种程度上来说 他专注于科研
And he has concentrated on this in a way…
我觉得他本不会对科学有太大兴趣
I don’t think he would have,
因为他对生活中的很多事情
because he took a great interest…
都有极大的兴趣
in a lot of things in life…
而且我不知道他会不会同样专注于科研
and I don’t know that he’d have applied himself the same way…
如果他能够像以前健康的时候一样 所以在一定程度上
if he’d been able to get around as he used to do, so in a way…
是的 即便如此 我也不认为有人能得那样的病
No, I can’t think anyone’s lucky having an illness like that,
是幸运的
even so.
但是相对于其他人来说 他的不幸要更少
But it’s less bad luck for him than it would be for some people…
因为他能用他的头脑好好地活着
because he can so much live in his head.
当我住到霍金的家里时 我通常
When I lived with the Hawking family, I would usually get up…
七点十五或者七点半起床 洗个澡
around 7:15 or 7:30 and take a shower…
然后读一点圣经并且做祈祷
and then read in my Bible some in the morning and pray…
八点十五的时候下去叫史蒂芬起床
and then go down at 8:15 to get Stephen up.
吃早饭的时候
And at breakfast
我经常告诉他我在圣经上读的东西
I would often tell him what I’d been reading in the Bible…
希望这些东西最终能有所影响
hoping that this would eventually have some influence.
然后我们就开始工作
So then we would go into work…
通常我们会看看是否有
and usually we’d go in and see if there were any scientific papers…
其他人发表的科研论文
that people sent out.
我确实发现尽管霍金才华横溢
I did discover that despite Hawking’s great brilliance,
但是他阅读得相当慢
he does read quite slowly.
我阅读速度是他的两倍
I could read about twice as fast as he.
当然他必须要边读边记
But of course he would have to read to remember it…
因为对于他来说
because it would be very difficult for him
回过头来再看是非常困难的
to go back and access the thing…
而我能相当快速地略读这些论文
whereas I could skim the paper rather quickly and see…
并看看 “这里头没有什么有趣的东西”
“Is there something interesting in this?”
要是我想研究它 我就能找出来接着看
If I wanted to work on it, I could pick the thing up and look at it.
黑洞辐射
Black hole radiation…
向我们展示了引力坍缩
has shown us that gravitational collapse…
并不像我们曾经想象的那样
is not as final as we once thought.
如果一个宇航员掉进了黑洞
If an astronaut falls into a black hole…
他将会以辐射的形式
he will be returned to the rest of the universe…
回到宇宙中
in the form of radiation.
因此 在某种意义上
Thus, in a sense…
这个宇航员再生了
the astronaut will be recycled.
然而这是一种可怜的永生形式
However, it would be a poor sort of immortality…
因为当他被撕碎的时候
because any personal concept of time…
个体的时间概念就会走到尽头
would come to an end as he is torn apart…
只存在于在黑洞之中
inside the black hole.
世间万物
All that would survive…
都有他的质量或能量
would be his mass, or energy.
有一年 霍金一家人带我一起
One year, the Hawkings took me along…
那时韦·文茨来到
when We Wenz’ to a cottage in Wales…
威尔士惠河畔的小屋
near the River Wye…
这个小屋在半山腰上
and this cottage was up a hill…
那有一条
and there was a bit of…
通往小屋的铺砌的小道
a paved little sidewalk that went up to the cottage…
当然 我并没有上去
which I had not been up, and of course…
我想尽可能少走几个来回
I wanted to do it in the least number of trips I could imagine…
所以我们把史蒂芬的电池放到椅子下面
so we put Stephen’s batteries under his chair…
他的椅子有空间放电池
his wheelchair has space for batteries…
还能把额外的电池放那下面
and put extra batteries under there…
史蒂芬没意识到我把电池放下面了
which Stephen didn’t realize that I’d put under there…
所以他没意识到他的轮椅负载那么重
so he didn’t realize his wheelchair was as heavily laden.
史蒂芬走到我前头一点 然后准备转弯
Stephen got quite a bit ahead of me, and he was turning the corner…
走向他的屋子 但那是在一个斜坡上
to go around to his house, but that was on a slope…
所以我向上看 注意到史蒂芬的轮椅在慢慢地向后滑
so I looked up, and I noticed Stephen’s wheelchair slowly tipping backward.
当然 我大概在十米外
Of course, I was about ten meters away…
我开始冲向他 但是在他跌入灌木丛之前
and tried to run up there, but I was not able to get there…
我没能赶上
rapidly enough before he toppled backward into the bushes.
所以那是一幅有点可怕的景象
So it was a bit of a shocking sight…
看着这个精通万有引力的大♥师♥正在克服
to see this master of gravity getting overcome…
地球那微弱的重力
by the weak gravitational force of Earth.
对于我来说 最糟糕的事情之一就是总有人到这里来
One of the worst things for me would be having people there all the time.
不能一个人安静地待会 我没法忍♥受
Never alone. I couldn’t bear that.
然而他发现这些事很有趣
And yet he finds things funny…
而且他享受这生活 冲向所有地方
and he enjoys life and he goes dashing about all over the place…
我觉得这是一种巨大的勇气
and I think this is tremendous.
一种我所没有的勇气
But it’s a sort of courage I haven’t got…
他父亲也没有 我们都没有 我们只能表示敬佩
and his father hadn’t got it, and we cannot but admire it…
只能怀疑他究竟如何获得这份勇气 真的
but wonder how on earth he got it, really.
那一定有五十人
There must have been 50 people there…
我站在一个角落
and I was standing off in a corner…
安静地看着
sort of watching quietly…
看了几分钟 正在放松
for a few minutes, relaxing…
史蒂芬就在那 离我不远
and Stephen was over there, not far from me.
简走向史蒂芬看着他
Jane walked over to Stephen and looked at him.
他正坐在那 头放在大腿上
He was sitting there with his head in his lap…
好像只有史蒂芬能把他的头放在大腿上
like only Stephen can put his head in his lap.
简对史蒂芬说
And Jane said to Stephen…
“你看起来很痛苦 史蒂芬 坐直了”
” You look miserable, Stephen. Sit up straight.
“你的一些客人不理解”
Some of your guests don’t understand…
“你正在思考物理 享受着美好的时光”
that you’re thinking about physics and having a wonderful time.
“这让你看起来身处痛苦之中”
It looks like you’re in pain.
“坐直了和你的客人聊聊天”
Sit up and go talk to your guests.”
1979年
In 1979…
我被选为卢卡斯数学教授
I was elected Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.
这可是牛顿当年做过的职位
This is the same chair once held by Isaac Newton.
他们有一本巨大的书
They he ve a big book which e very university teaching officer…
每一位大学教授都应在上面签字
is supposed to sign.