时间简史

一路向前
and beyond.
为什么 这太疯狂了
Why, that’s crazy!
这不可能
Ha! Impossible!
质量巨大的恒星收缩时
As a massive star contracts…
它的重力会变得如此之强
its gravity becomes so strong…
以至于连光都不再能逸出
that light can no longer escape.
依任何物质都无法逃离的边界划定一个范围
The region from which nothing can escape…
它的内部就是黑洞
is called a black hole…
而它的边界就是所谓的事件视界
and its boundary is called the event horizon.
你不妨这么看待事件视界
One might say of the event horizon…
像丹特所说 如同地狱的入口
what Dante said of the entrance to hell
“汝等进入此地 须弃绝一切所望”
“Abandon all hope, ye who enter here.”
我曾被邀请
I was once asked to actually…
作为评审员
be an adjudicator…
来审核这样一篇论文
on an essay of which the subject was…
“如何进入一个黑洞并且生存下来”
“How to fall through a black hole and live.”
审核它的困难在于 我不知道
Now, the problem I had was that I wouldn’t know…
怎样才能把奖颁给它
how to give out the prize…
因为 如果我说 “这文章看起来不错”
because if I said, “That looks like a good essay”…
那么唯一能证实它的方法就是
the only real way of showing this was right…
如文章所说 真的去做这么一个实验 进入黑洞
was to actually follow it, to do the experiment and fall in.
可是 进入黑洞之后呢
But then, having fallen in
我觉得把这文章的作者一起带进黑洞是个好主意
I would assume taking the person who wrote the essay with you
问题在于 你俩要如何把结果告诉世界上的其他人
the question would be, how do you tell the rest of the world?
要不要把颁给他们的奖带着
Do you take the prize in that you give to them…
而且他们进入到中心之后怎么办
and what do they do with it when they get to the center?
相信我
Believe me…
我已等待多时 等一个你这样的人
I’ve been waiting a long time for someone like you…
来记录这个伟大的时刻
to record this moment.
谢谢你 博士
Thank you, Doctor.
我准备好了
Then I’m ready.
为人类最伟大的航行 我已经就绪
Ready to embark on man’s greatest journey.
显然也是最冒险的
Certainly his riskiest.
风险是多么的微不足道
The risk is incidental compared to…
获得有关未知的伟大真理的可能就在眼前
the possibility to possess the great truth of the unknown.
就在那里
There…
自然的普适规则
long-cherished laws of nature…
将会被打破
simply do not apply.
它们灰飞烟灭
They vanish.
那生命呢
And life?
生命
Life?
生命永恒
Life forever.
如果你观察一名宇航员
If you were watching an astronaut…
莽撞地跳进一个黑洞
foolhardy enough to jump into a black hole…
这时候他手表上的时间是
at some time on his watch
比如说 12点
say, 12:00
他接下来穿过事件视界
he would cross the event horizon…
然后进入黑洞
and enter the black hole.
可是不论你等多久
But no matter how long you waited…
你都永远不会看到他的手表走到12点
you would never see the astronaut’s watch reach 12:00.
理论上发生的是 手表上的每一秒
Instead, each second on the watch…
都会看起来越来越长
would appear to take longer and longer…
直到午夜前的最后一秒
until the last second before midnight…
它会持续到永远
would take forever.
因此 如果一个人要跳进黑洞
Thus, by jumping into a black hole…
他可以肯定 自己的形象会永远存在
one could ensure that one’s image lasted forever.
但图像会迅速地消逝
But the picture would fade very rapidly…
并且变得模糊不清 谁都看不见
and grow so dim that no one could see it.
当一个人消失在黑洞中时
As somebody disappears into a black hole…
如果从外面观察 就会发现
as seen from the outside, it looks as though…
时间似乎变慢了 这个移♥动♥着的人
time actually slows down, and the person who’s moving
至少他认为自己在移♥动♥
at least he’s thinking he’s moving…
他也许正在飞船中以正常的语速讲话
he’s perhaps talking in his spaceship at a normal rate
但听起来是变慢了 最后在某一个特定的位置
seems to slow down and ends up being frozen…
被冻结起来
in a particular position…
从视界外观察就是如此
as seen by somebody watching him from the outside.
而且你永远不会看见他冻结之后发生的事情
And as seen from the outside, you never see what happens after that.
那个宇航员自己 则什么都不会注意到
The astronaut wouldn’t notice anything special…
当他的手表到达午夜时
when his watch reached midnight. ..
他就穿过视界
And he crossed the event horizon…
进入黑洞
into the black hole…
直到他最终抵达奇点
until, of course, he approached the singularity…
被挤成肉泥
and was crushed into spaghetti.
人在穿越视界时
One can fall through this event horizon…
不会感觉到异样 甚至不知道自己穿越了视界
without feeling anything, without noticing it.
大约一周的坠落之后 人会觉得自己被什么东西捏着
After about a week of falling, one begins to feel the pinch…
变得越来越长
and one extends longer and longer…
而且稍稍变瘦
and gets slightly thinner.
接下来 当然 他开始被挤扁
And, of course, one begins to get squeezed…
直到他变得又细又长
until one gets very long and very thin…
让人看不下去
and rather nasty.
大概在第二个周末
By the end of two weeks,
他已经落入了黑洞的中心 而且必死无疑
one’s fallen right into the center and is, of course, dead.
当外面的世界渐渐从你的视野中消失的时候
Before you lose sight of the outer world…
你能看到未来的事情发生 而且进行的越来越快
you would see things happening and see them at a greater rate…
看起来就像电影胶片
so that it would look like a firework display.
不过令人沮丧的是 尽管你能看见
The frustration would be that, although you would be able to see…
未来的事情一件件发生在你眼前 但是它们发生得太快
everything that happens in the future, it would be going so fast…
以至于 科学地来说 你根本没时间你分♥析♥它们
that from a scientific point of view, you’d have no time to analyze it.
甚至来不及看清楚
You wouldn’t be able to take it in.
最后事情会进行得飞快
Eventually things would be going off so fast…
爆♥炸♥的力量也越来越强
and it would be so explosive that you yourself would be…
最终你被爆♥炸♥撕裂 然后一切都没有了
destroyed by the explosion, and that would be the end.
如果能以这么种方式结束自己的生命 想想还很激动呢
But it would be a very exciting way to end one’s life.
说真的 如果有得选 我肯定会这样
It would be the way I would choose if I had the choice.
在宇宙的漫长历史中
In the long history of the universe…
许多恒星都用尽了核反应燃料
many stars must have burned up their nuclear fuel…
最后坍缩成一团
and collapsed in on themselves.
实际上黑洞的数量
The number of black holes may be greater…
也许要大于可见的恒星
than the number of visible stars…
一共约有1000亿个黑洞
which totals about a hundred thousand million…
这还只算了我们银河系而已
in our galaxy alone.
我们也得到一些证据
We also have evidence…
证据表明在我们的星系中心
that there is a very large black hole…
有一个无比巨大的黑洞
at the center of our own galaxy.
朋友们问我 “那个 如果黑洞是黑的”
Friends ask me, “Well, if a black hole is black…
“你要怎么看到它呢”
how can you see it?”
于是我就说 “你总该去过舞会的吧”
And I say, “Have you ever been to a ball?
“舞会上那些”
Have you ever watched the young men…
“穿着黑色燕尾服的年轻男子”
dressed in their black evening tuxedos…
“和着白色礼服的姑娘们”
and the girls in their white dresses…
“手拉着手转圈”
whirling around, held in each other’s arms…
“当灯光暗下来后”
and the lights turned low…
“你就只能看到姑娘们了”
and all you can see is the girls?
“打个比方 如果一个女孩子是一颗普通的恒星”
Well, the girl is the ordinary star…
“而男子是一个黑洞”
and the boy is the black hole.
“尽管你不能看到男子 正如你无法看到黑洞”
You can’t see the black hole any more than you can see the boy…
“但那个转着圈的姑娘能让你确信”
but the girl going around gives you convincing evidence…
“一定另有什么拉着她转圈”
there must be something there holding her in orbit.”
有天晚上 我的女儿露西刚出生不久
One evening, shortly after the birth of my daughter, Lucy…
上♥床♥之前
I started to think about black holes…
我开始思考黑洞
as I was getting into bed.
我的身体缺陷让上♥床♥这一过程十分缓慢
My disability makes this rather a slow process…
所以我有的是时间
so I had plenty of time.
突然之间 我意识到
Suddenly I realized…
事件视界的面♥积♥
that the area of the event horizon…
必须随着时间的流逝而增大
must always increase with time.
视界面♥积♥的增大
The increase in the area of the event horizon…
很容易让人联想到一个叫做熵的物理量
was very reminiscent of a quantity called entropy…
它用来度量一个系统的混乱程度
which measures the degree of disorder of a system.