doom

基本释义

[noun] death, destruction, or some other terrible fate
[名词] 死亡、毁灭或其他可怕的命运

深入解读

Doom 是一个与熟词 mood (情绪、心情)拼写正好相反的单词,该词源自古英语 dom (法律、法令、政令;司法、判决;公正、公平、正义),其中流传至今的含义仅有“判决、判定、定罪”,既可以作名词也可以作动词使用,常作书面用语指郑重地宣判某人有罪,比如:

  • 那个巧言令色的说谎高手被判处死刑。
    The plausible liar was doomed to capital punishment.

由于判决、定罪等常常是一种决定命运或不可逆转命运的决定,因此到了14世纪初后, doom 开始发展出现在的主要含义指“厄运、死亡、毁灭、劫数”。这一含义在17世纪后随着宗教用语 doomsday (最后审判日、世界末日,基督教认为在这一天世人都将接受上帝的审判)流行开来,多指最终的且常常是灾难性或毁灭性的命运,隐含不可避免之意,比如:

  • 他们的国家正处在内战的边缘。整个国家都笼罩在厄运降临的气氛之中。
    Their country is teetering on the brink of civil war. A sense of doom is hanging over the entire country.

将这个概念用作动词时,则相应表示“使……注定失败、遭殃、死亡等”,比如:

  • 这个站不住脚的计划注定要失败。
    The feeble plan was doomed to failure.
  • 这桩做戏的婚姻从一开始就注定要破裂。
    The charade marriage was doomed from the start.

此外,还可以用 doom and gloom 或者 gloom and doom 这个押尾韵的习语来表示“悲观失望、前景黯淡”。该习语最初特指二十世纪五六十年代冷战期间对核大屠杀的恐惧,后来随着1968年音乐奇幻电影《菲尼安的彩虹》(Finian’s Rainbow)走红成为流行语,比如:

  • 为什么你对我俩之间的鸿沟如此悲观沮丧?
    Why are you so full of gloom and doom about the chasm between you and me?

而对于那些总是持悲观态度的人,则可以用习语 prophet of doom (悲观预言家)或 doom/gloom merchant (悲观派、持悲观态度的人)来表示,比如:

  • 随着高得离谱的股票价格持续上涨,悲观派将不得不改变他们对经济的看法。
    With the exorbitant share price remaining buoyant, the doom merchants are having to revise their opinions of the economy.

好书例句

Hopefully, but a moment ago, as Hester had spoken of drowning it in the deep sea, there was a sense of inevitable doom upon her as she thus received back this deadly symbol from the hand of fate.
仅仅片刻之前,海丝特还满怀希望地谈到要把红字沉进深深的海底,但当她从命运之神的手中重新接过这死一般的象征时,就感到一种难以避免的阴沉笼罩着她。

出自美国浪漫主义作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne)于1850年出版的长篇小说《红字》(The Scarlet Letter: A Romance)。

外刊例句

  • In a more recent example, automated teller machines (ATMs) might have been expected to spell doom for bank tellers by taking over some of their routine tasks.
    自动柜员机(ATM)则是一个近期的例子,它被认为会接管银行柜员的一些常规工作,宣判这些职位的终结。
    ——《经济学人》
  • The sense that Johnson might try to reach a softer deal with Brussels, and his unwillingness to promise key jobs to Gove and other leaders of the campaign to exit the EU, helped doom his candidacy, legislators said.
    议员们说,感觉约翰逊可能会试图与布鲁塞尔达成一项更为温和的协议,并且他不愿意向戈夫以及脱欧派其他领导人承诺关键职位,这促使了他的候选人资格落空。
    ——《纽约时报》

详细用法

当提到”doom”这个词时,它通常指的是厄运、毁灭或注定的不幸。以下是关于”doom”的一些详细用法解释:

  1. Verb (动词)用法:
    • Doom (someone/something) to (something): 注定(某人/某事)遭受(某种命运) Example: The decision doomed the project to failure.(这个决定注定了项目的失败。)
    • Be doomed: 注定要失败或遭受不幸 Example: The ship was doomed from the start.(这艘船从一开始就注定要沉没。)
    • Doom (something) to failure: 注定(某事)失败 Example: The lack of funding doomed the project to failure.(缺乏资金注定了项目的失败。)
  2. Noun (名词)用法:
    • Face/fear the doom: 面对/害怕厄运 Example: The villagers faced impending doom as the storm approached.(当暴风雨来临时,村民们面临着临近的厄运。)
    • Imminent doom: 迫在眉睫的厄运 Example: The city was filled with a sense of imminent doom as the enemy army approached.(当敌军逼近时,这座城市充满了迫在眉睫的厄运感。)
    • Seal one’s doom: 注定某人的毁灭 Example: His reckless behavior sealed his own doom.(他的鲁莽行为注定了自己的毁灭。)
    • A sense of doom: 厄运感 Example: The news brought a sense of doom to the already gloomy atmosphere.(这个消息给已经阴郁的氛围带来了厄运感。)
    • Escape from doom: 逃脱厄运 Example: The protagonist narrowly escaped from doom in the final scene.(在最后一幕中,主人公险些逃脱了厄运。)
  3. 形容词 (Adjective)用法:
    • Doomed: 注定要失败的,毁灭性的 Example: The expedition was considered doomed right from the beginning.(这次探险从一开始就被认为是注定要失败的。)
    • Gloomy/doomed outlook: 阴郁/命定的前景 Example: The economic forecast for the next year paints a gloomy outlook for businesses.(对明年的经济预测为企业描绘了一个阴郁的前景。)
    • A doomed attempt/effort: 注定要失败的尝试/努力 Example: Despite their best efforts, their attempt to negotiate a peaceful settlement was doomed.(尽管他们尽力了,他们寻求和平解决的努力注定要失败。)

常见短语

关于”doom”的一些常用短语,附带相应的中文解释:

  1. Seal one’s doom: 注定失败,宣判厄运
  2. Meet one’s doom: 遭受厄运,走向毁灭
  3. Spell doom: 预示厄运
  4. Face impending doom: 面对临近的毁灭
  5. Escape doom: 逃离厄运
  6. Accept one’s doom: 接受命运的安排
  7. Suffer a doomed fate: 遭受注定的命运
  8. Bring about doom: 带来厄运
  9. Predict doom and gloom: 预测厄运与黑暗
  10. Embrace doom: 接受命运,面对毁灭
  11. Succumb to doom: 屈服于厄运
  12. Escape the clutches of doom: 逃离厄运的掌控
  13. Tempt fate and doom oneself: 挑战命运而注定失败
  14. Looming doom: 隐隐约约的厄运
  15. Inevitable doom: 不可避免的厄运
  16. Portend doom: 预示厄运
  17. Face the doom and gloom: 面对灾难与困境
  18. Avert doom: 避免厄运
  19. Inflict doom upon: 使某人遭受毁灭
  20. Face the wrath of doom: 面对厄运的愤怒
  21. A harbinger of doom: 厄运的先兆
  22. Stare into the abyss of doom: 凝视毁灭的深渊
  23. Escape the grasp of doom: 逃离厄运的掌握
  24. Plunge into doom: 跌入毁灭
  25. A beacon of hope in a sea of doom: 厄运之中的一线希望
  26. Evoke a sense of impending doom: 引起即将来临的毁灭感
  27. Dwell in the shadow of doom: 生活在毁灭的阴影中
  28. A dance with doom: 与厄运的舞蹈
  29. Curse of doom: 厄运的诅咒
  30. Grasp the magnitude of doom: 感知厄运的巨大力量

同近义词

lot: a person’s luck or condition in life, particularly as determined by fate or destiny
destiny: the events that will necessarily happen to a particular person or thing in the future
catastrophe: an event causing great and often sudden damage or suffering; a disaster

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