exert
基本释义
[verb] apply or bring to bear (a force, influence, or quality)
[动词] 运用或施加（某种力量、影响或特质）
深入解读
Exert 一次源自拉丁语 exerere/exserere （向前推、向外推），由前缀 ex- （出）+词根 ert （能量、活力；工作）构成，17世纪70年代进入英语后最初也是用来表示“向前推、向外推”，对应今义“使出、发挥”力量、努力等，比如：
- 月球对地球的吸引力引起潮汐。
The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tides.
而 exert oneself 这个字面意思是“向前推自己”或者说“发挥自己”的常用搭配，实则是指“努力、竭力、尽力”，也就是在体力或脑力上付出巨大的努力，使自己投入到行动或费力累人的事情中去，比如：
- 他必须努力才能避免失败。
In order to avert failure he would have to exert himself.
等到了17世纪80年代后， exert 开始发展出现在的主要含义指“运用、行使、施加”，主要指积极坚定地且持续有力地运用权威、权力或者施加影响、压力等来使某事发生或产生某种特定的效果，比如：
- 老板总是向我们施加巨大的压力迫使我们无偿加班。今晚我们将和他摊牌。
The boss always exerts considerable pressure on us to work extra hours without being paid. We are facing a showdown with him tonight.
好书例句
Could she exert herself it would be better, but this is not to be expected; and as to my father, I never in my life saw him so affected.
要是她能勉强克制一下，事情也许要好些，可惜她无法办到。讲到父亲，我一辈子也没见过他这样难受。
出自19世纪英国小说家简·奥斯丁（Jane Austen）的代表作《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）。
外刊例句
- Founders can exert unhealthy influence over Western firms, too, but they typically do so using their shareholdings.
在西方，创始人也可能对公司施加有害的影响，不过通常都是利用手中的股权达到目的。
——《经济学人》 - Historically, Australia, a country of 25 million people, has seen itself as too small to exert much influence on the world stage, though its economy is nearly as large as Russia’s.
历史上，拥有2500万人口的澳大利亚一直认为自己太小，不能在世界舞台上施加太大的影响力，尽管澳大利亚的经济规模几乎与俄罗斯相当。
——《纽约时报》
详细用法
Exert 的详细用法和中文解释如下：
- Exert control – 施加控制
- The manager exerted control over the team to ensure everyone followed the rules.（经理施加控制力，确保每个人遵守规则。）
- Exert influence – 施加影响
- The celebrity’s endorsement exerted a significant influence on consumer behavior.（名人的认可对消费者行为产生了重要影响。）
- Exert effort – 费力，努力
- She exerted a great deal of effort to complete the project on time.（她付出了很多努力，按时完成了项目。）
- Exert pressure – 施加压力
- The protesters exerted pressure on the government to address their demands.（抗议者对政府施加了压力，要求满足他们的诉求。）
- Exert energy – 发挥能量
- The athletes exerted all their energy in the final sprint of the race.（运动员们在比赛的最后冲刺中发挥出全部能量。）
- Exert authority – 施加权威
- The teacher exerted her authority in the classroom to maintain discipline.（老师在教室里行使权威，维持纪律。）
- Exert one’s will – 表现意志力
- He exerted his will to overcome the challenges and achieve his goals.（他表现出意志力，克服了挑战，实现了目标。）
- Exert caution – 谨慎行动
- It’s important to exert caution when dealing with sensitive information.（在处理敏感信息时，谨慎行动很重要。）
- Exert a pull – 产生吸引力
- The new marketing campaign exerted a strong pull on customers, leading to increased sales.（新的营销活动对顾客产生了强烈的吸引力，导致销售额增加。）
- Exert a force – 施加力量
- The weightlifter exerted a tremendous force to lift the heavy barbell.（举重运动员施加了巨大的力量，抬起沉重的杠铃。）
- Exert mental focus – 发挥心理集中力
- The chess player exerted intense mental focus to strategize and win the game.（国际象棋选手发挥了强烈的心理集中力，制定策略并赢得比赛。）
- Exert one’s expertise – 发挥专业知识
- The consultant exerted her expertise to provide valuable insights and recommendations to the client.（顾问发挥她的专业知识，为客户提供有价值的见解和建议。）
常见短语
常见用法：
- Exert effort – 贡献努力
- Exert control – 施加控制
- Exert influence – 施加影响
- Exert pressure – 施加压力
- Exert power – 行使权力
- Exert authority – 施加权威
- Exert oneself – 努力奋斗
- Exert energy – 发挥能量
- Exert force – 施加力量
- Exert dominance – 彰显优势
相关动词短语：
- Exert control over – 控制
- Exert influence on – 对…产生影响
- Exert pressure on – 对…施加压力
- Exert authority over – 对…施加权威
- Exert power over – 对…行使权力
- Exert oneself to – 努力去做某事
- Exert effort towards – 努力朝…方向努力
- Exert force against – 对…施加力量
- Exert control upon – 对…施加控制
- Exert influence upon – 对…施加影响
表达具体行动的短语：
- Exert physical strength – 运用体力
- Exert mental energy – 运用思维能量
- Exert intellectual prowess – 发挥智力才能
- Exert creative abilities – 发挥创造能力
- Exert professional skills – 运用专业技能
- Exert diplomatic efforts – 进行外交努力
- Exert organizational abilities – 展现组织能力
其他相关短语：
- Exert oneself to the fullest – 全力以赴
- Exert one’s best efforts – 尽最大努力
- Exert a positive influence – 施加积极影响
同近义词
exercise: use or apply (a faculty, right, or process)
wield: have and be able to use (power or influence)
bring to bear: exert influence or pressure so as to cause a particular result
