infringe
基本释义
[verb] actively break the terms of (a law, agreement, etc.)
[动词] 主动违反（法律、协议等）的条款
深入解读
Infringe 这个单词比较好记，就是比常见单词 fringe （边缘、刘海、流苏）多了前面 in 两个字母，不过这两者却并非同源词。其中 infringe 源自拉丁语 infringere （损坏、弄坏、折断、挫伤），15世纪中期进入英语后即用来表示“违背、违反、触犯”，主要指主动违反法律、协议、规则、誓言等的条款，比如：
- 他用了卑鄙的欺诈手段来获取他想得到的东西。但陪审团裁决他没有违反任何规定。
He used low cunning to get what he wanted. But the jury ruled that he had infringed no rules.
从这个概念出发，等到了18世纪60年代后， infringe 开始进一步用来表示“侵犯、侵害”，既可以作及物动词使用，也常用短语动词 infringe on/upon sth 搭配使用，多指明显地限制、损害或侵占他人的合法权益，包括自由、时间、空间等，比如：
- 这部电影利用了她的形象，侵犯了她的版权。
The film exploited her image and infringed her copyright. - 她重申她拒绝回答侵犯她隐私的问题。
She reiterated that she refused to answer questions that infringed on her private affairs.
权威用例
这是对中国主权和领土完整的严重侵犯，是对一个中国原则和中美三个联合公报的严重违背，是对国际法和国际关系基本准则的严重践踏，是美国对中国作出严肃政治承诺的背信弃义，向“台独”势力发出严重错误信号。
It gravely infringes on China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, severely violates the one-China principle and the three China-U.S. joint communiques, seriously tramples on international law and the basic norms governing international relations, breaks the serious political commitment the United States has made to China, and sends a seriously wrong signal to forces seeking “Taiwan independence.”
出自中共中央台湾工作办公室就佩洛西窜台发表的声明。
外刊例句
- Either approach, however, would infringe the Caesar Act, an American law passed in 2019 which prohibits business with the regime.
然而，任何一种做法都将违反《凯撒法案》，这是一项于 2019 年通过的美国法律，禁止与该政权进行商业往来。
——《经济学人》 - The Indiana Democrat, who was worried that the ban might infringe on the rights of law-abiding gun owners, had already voted against the bill.
这名印第安那州的民主党议员早就投票反对这项法案，因为他担心这道禁令可能侵犯了那些守法持枪者的权利。
——《时代周刊》
常见短语
Infringe 是一个动词，表示违反、侵犯或侵害。以下是关于 “infringe” 的短语：
- Infringe on: 侵犯、侵害
- Infringe upon: 侵犯、侵害
- Infringe someone’s rights: 侵犯某人的权利
- Infringe upon someone’s privacy: 侵犯某人的隐私
- Infringe on someone’s freedom: 侵犯某人的自由
- Infringe on intellectual property: 侵犯知识产权
- Infringe on copyright: 侵犯版权
- Infringe on trademark: 侵犯商标权
- Infringe on patent: 侵犯专利权
- Infringe on confidentiality: 侵犯机密性
- Infringe on sovereignty: 侵犯主权
- Infringe on territory: 侵犯领土
- Infringe on privacy rights: 侵犯隐私权
- Infringe on civil liberties: 侵犯公民自由
- Infringe on personal space: 侵犯个人空间
- Infringe on human rights: 侵犯人权
- Infringe on freedom of speech: 侵犯言论自由
- Infringe on religious freedom: 侵犯宗教自由
- Infringe on privacy laws: 违反隐私法
- Infringe on regulations: 违反规定
- Infringe on an agreement: 违反协议
- Infringe on a contract: 违反合同
- Infringe on a treaty: 违反条约
- Infringe on a policy: 违反政策
- Infringe on a rule: 违反规则
- Infringe on a boundary: 侵犯界限
- Infringe on a deadline: 违反截止日期
- Infringe on a code of conduct: 违反行为准则
- Infringe on a restriction: 违反限制
- Infringe on a ban: 违反禁令
- Infringe on a right: 侵犯权利
同近义词
flout: openly disregard (a rule, law or convention)
encroach: intrude on (a person’s territory or a thing considered to be a right)
violate: break or fail to comply with (a rule or formal agreement)
