Qiu Jin Poem: Song of the Autumn Wind – 秋瑾《新风歌》

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新风歌

[清]秋瑾

秋风起兮百草黄[1],

秋风之性劲且刚。

能使群花皆缩首,

助他秋菊傲[2]秋霜。

秋菊枝枝本黄种[3],

重楼叠瓣[4]风云涌[5]。

秋月如镜照江明[6],

一派清波[7]敢摇动?

昨夜风风雨雨秋[8],

秋霜秋露尽含愁。

青青有叶畏摇落[9],

胡鸟[10]悲鸣绕树头[11]。

自是秋来最萧瑟[12],

汉塞[13]唐关[14]秋思发[15]。

塞外秋高马正肥,

将军怒索[16]黄金甲[17]。

金甲披来战胡狗[18],

胡奴百万回头走。

将军大笑呼汉儿[19],

痛饮黄龙[20]自由酒。

注释:

[1]秋风起兮百草黄:此句脱胎于汉武帝《秋风辞》起首之句:“秋风起兮白云飞,草木摇落兮雁南归。”兮:语气助词,相当现代汉语中的“啊”。

[2]傲:藐视。

[3]黄种:菊花早称黄花。种:种类之意。

[4]重楼叠瓣:形容菊花瓣一层层相叠的样子。

[5]风云涌:形容菊花在风中摇动如层层的云。

[6]江明:“将明”的双关语。明:指明朝。

[7]清波:清澈的水。这里“一派清波”即“满清朝”的双关语。

[8]秋:凉,寒冷。

[9]青青有叶畏摇落:暗喻清朝被推翻。青青:双关语,实指清朝之清。叶:子孙的意思,因树生有许多叶子。摇落:指被推翻。

[10]胡鸟:指清朝权贵。胡:古时称北方少数民族为胡。这里借指“清朝”。

[11]悲鸣绕树头:比喻清朝权贵悲叹、惶恐,像鸟在秋风中盘绕着枯枝在悲鸣。

[12]萧瑟:飒飒的秋风声。

[13]汉塞:汉朝抵御匈奴的边防要塞。

[14]唐关:唐朝的边疆关口。汉塞、唐关,指中华民族历史上抵御外族侵略时杀敌的战场。

[15]秋思发:指杀敌立功的念头。秋天是打仗的时候,因此时秋收完毕、军粮已备,天高气爽。

[16]索:讨取。

[17]黄金甲:金色的铠甲,这句由黄色菊花而联想起黄金甲,因为黄菊花瓣似金甲叶,黄巢诗《菊花》有“满城尽带金黄甲”句。

[18]胡狗:古代指匈奴等民族,此处指清朝军队。

[19]汉儿:汉族儿郎。

[20]黄龙:金国的京城。故址在今吉林省农安县。北宋末年,金国把中国黄河流域侵占了,岳飞带领岳家军抗击金兵。在进军时,岳飞对部下说:“直捣黄龙,与诸君痛饮。”

Song of the Autumn Wind

Qiu Jin[1]

All grasses yellow at the autumn breeze’s song;

The autumn wind by nature’s vigorous and strong.

It makes all flowers drop their head with sere leaves lost;

Alone chrysanthemums can stand against the frost.

Flowers in full bloom, they belong to yellow race;

Petal on petal, they transform the country’s face.

The mirror-like full moon brightens the river clear[2].

How can’t the river, wave on wave, shiver with fear?

Last night was full of autumn wind and autumn rain;

And autumn frost and autumn dew seem to complain.

The leaves no longer green fear to fall in the breeze;

The immigrating birds bewail atop the trees.

When autumn comes, the weather is so sad and drear,

And autumn thoughts prevail on old Cathay’s frontier.

Beyond the border horses are ready to fight;

The angry general puts on golden armor bright.

In golden armor he fights against Hunnish foe;

Millions of Hunnish soldiers, beaten, backward go.

The general laughs and his soldiers rise at his call,

To drink to Freedom at the Hunnish capital.

注释:

[1]Qiu Jin was a revolutionary martyr put to death by the Qing government.

[2]“Bright” is the epithet for the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644) and “clear” is that for the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911).

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