自咏[1]
韩愈
一封朝奏[2]九重天[3],
夕贬潮州[4]路八千[5]。
本为圣朝除弊政[6],
敢将衰朽[7]惜残年[8]?
云横秦岭家何在?
雪拥蓝关马不前。
知汝远来应有意[9],
好收吾骨瘴江边[10]。
注释:
[1] 《千家诗》注说:“此文公(韩愈)上佛骨表谏宪宗,贬潮州刺史,途遇侄韩湘而作也。云横二句,乃韩湘在长安时祝寿之联,至此而方应也。言上书谏主,朝奏而夕贬,去京有八千之程。本为朝廷除异端之教,又敢辞远谪以惜衰朽之残年乎?望秦岭之云,有家难见。度蓝关而雪拥,马不能前。吾侄冒雪而来,知汝之意,恐吾远死遐荒,好收吾骨于瘴疠之江边也。”唐宪宗迎佛骨,韩愈上表反对,表明唐代还有言论自由。宪宗拒谏,说明君主专制,但也表明唐代有信教自由。韩愈被贬到潮州,宁死要除弊政,可见忠心耿耿,铁骨铮铮。这首诗写出了唐代一个忠臣的精神面貌。
[2] 朝奏:上朝呈进的奏章。
[3] 九重天:指皇帝的宫殿。
[4] 潮州:地名,今广东潮阳。
[5] 路八千:形容路途遥远。
[6] 弊政:对国家有害的事,指迎佛骨一事。
[7] 衰朽:年老多病的身体。
[8] 残年:暮年。
[9] 应有意:应该有所打算。
[10] 瘴江边:指多瘴气的潮州一带。
For My Nephew
Han Yu
At dawn to Royal Court a proposal was made;
At dusk I’m banished eight thousand li away.
To undo the misdeeds I would have given aide;
Dare I have spared myself with powers in decay?
The Ridge veiled in barred clouds, my home cannot be seen;
The Blue Pass clad in snow, my horse won’t forward go.
You have come from afar and I know what you mean:
To bury my old bones where miasmic waters flow.