归园田居
(五首其四)
久去山泽游,浪莽[1]林野娱。
试携子侄辈,披榛步荒墟。
徘徊丘垄间,依依[2]昔人居。
井灶有遗处,桑竹残杇[3]株。
借问采薪者,此人皆焉如[4]?
薪者向我言,死没[5]无复余。
一世[6]异朝市,此语真不虚。
人生似幻化,终当归空无。
“久去山泽游”指离山泽去做官已经很久,说明诗人归田已经有一段时日了,同时也是对误落尘网中的回顾。“试携子侄辈,披榛步荒墟”,携着我的儿女侄子们拨开树丛漫步荒墟;诗人与家人同游,可见其游兴之浓,而句末的“荒墟”二字承上启下,引出了后面的所见、所问、所感。通过描写游历废墟以及同砍柴人之间的对答,表达了诗人不胜沧桑、人生无常的感慨。“人生似幻化,终当归空无”阐释着人生有盛则有衰、有生则有死这样一个无可逃避的事物规律和自然法则。诗句看似平平淡淡,但所蕴藏的哲理意义极深,从中可以看到诗人内心的境界、智慧的灵光及其对世事、人生的了悟。
注释:
[1]浪莽:空旷。
[2]依依:隐约。
[3]杇(wū):粉刷。
[4]焉如:到哪里去了。
[5]没:死。一作“殁”。
[6]一世:三十年为一世。
Return to Nature
(IV)
Having long left hills and streams, how
I love to roam in woody place!
Coming with sons and nephews, now
Through hazels I see ruined trace.
I pace up and down on waste land
And find debris of dwellers old.
Marks of old wells and stoves still stand,
Dead branches are left in the cold.
I ask a woodman passing by,
If he knows who lived here before.
The woodman answers with a sigh,
“They are all dead and gone, no more.”
Thirty years passed in town and court.
Everything has changed, it is true.
Life is a vison fair and short;
All will vanish into the blue.