荆州歌[1]
白帝城边足[2]风波,
瞿塘[3]五月谁敢过?
荆州麦熟茧[4]成蛾,
缲丝[5]忆君头绪[6]多。
拨谷飞鸣奈妾何[7]?
此作中民间生活气息很浓,“足风波”“谁敢过”“头绪多”“奈妾何”,就是民间口语的直接化用。全诗写的是一位农村妇女辛勤劳作之时思念远方丈夫的愁苦情景。白帝城边的江面上满是狂风掀起的惊涛骇浪,五月的瞿塘峡,江流湍急,暗礁丛生,归路受阻。思妇在家,眼看麦已成熟,春蚕也已经破茧成蛾,忙碌地缫着丝,触景生情涌起心中的“思”,叫人千头万绪。布谷鸟飞来飞去,在头上叫个不停。诗人以敏锐的笔触,生动形象地刻画了这丰富、复杂、微妙的情感,恰到好处地勾画出了女主人公复杂而又强烈的思念之情。
注释:
[1]荆州歌:古题乐府杂曲歌辞。《乐府诗集》卷七十二列于《杂曲歌辞》,又名“荆州乐”“江陵乐”。《乐府诗集·杂曲歌辞十二·荆州乐》郭茂倩题解:《荆州乐》盖出于《清商曲·江陵乐》,荆州即江陵也。有纪南城,在江陵县东。梁建文帝《荆州歌》云“纪城南里望朝云,雉飞麦熟妾思君”是也。
[2]足:充足,诗中理解为满是,都是。
[3]瞿(qú)塘:即瞿塘峡,与巫峡、西陵峡共称长江三峡。
[4]茧(jiǎn):指蚕茧。
[5]缲(sāo)丝:即缫丝,将蚕茧抽出蚕丝的工艺。在南朝乐府中“丝”“思”为双关语。
[6]头绪:也说思绪。
[7]拨谷飞鸣奈妾何:写思妇默念:拨谷鸟已鸣,春天将尽,不见夫回,使人无可奈何。拨谷:即布谷鸟。布谷叫,也表明农忙季节已到。
The Silk Spinner
The White King[1]Town’s seen many shipwrecks on the sands.
Who dare to sail through Three Canyons in the fifth moon?
The wheat is ripe;the silkworm has made its cocoon.
My thoughts of you are endless as the silken strands.
The cuckoos sing:“Go Home!”
When will you cometo homeland?
注释:
[1]Or the White Emperor Town in present-day Sichuan Province,situated on the northern shore of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River.