登高丘而望远海
登高丘,
望远海。
六鳌[1]骨已霜,
三山流安在?
扶桑[2]半摧折,
白日沉光彩。
银台金阙[3]如梦中,
秦皇汉武空相待。
精卫费木石,
鼋鼍[4]无所凭。
君不见,
骊山茂陵尽灰灭,
牧羊之子[5]来攀登!
盗贼劫宝玉,
精灵[6]竟何能?
穷兵黩武今如此,
鼎湖飞龙安可乘?
此诗的主体部分几乎每一句都藏着一个典故。这并不是怀古之章,主旨与《秦王扫六合》一样,是用典故做隐喻,借古讽今,语言比《秦王扫六合》更加深刻露骨。诗人由登高望远点题,联想到传说神话中的仙人神物并不存在于现实世界。李白是喜爱于深山之中访仙问道的,这是因为他不被现实世界所理解,不被世俗所接收,所以他只能寻找超脱世俗之路,寻求精神上的寄托。所以他更加明白根本没有什么神仙,妄图通过求仙问道以求长生更是愚不可及。用秦皇汉武的典故类比,是对此类皇帝的讽刺和批判,是对当朝皇帝的暗示。
注释:
[1]六鳌:传说渤海的东面是无边无际的大海,上面浮着岱舆、员峤、方壶、瀛洲、蓬莱五座神山,山上长有长生不老药;鳌,传说中海里的大鳖。
[2]扶桑:神话中树木名。传说太阳每天在成池沐浴后,升高到扶桑树梢的时候,刚好天微明。
[3]银台金阙:黄金白银建成的亭台宫阙,指神仙居住的地方。
[4]鼋(yuán)鼍(tuó):鼋,大鳖;鼍,鼍龙,俗称猪婆龙,鳄鱼的一种。传说周穆王征越国,在九江架鼋鼍为桥渡江。
[5]牧羊之子:《汉书·刘向传》记载,有个牧童在骊山牧羊,有一只羊进入山洞中,牧童用火照明,到洞里去寻羊,以致引起一场大火,把秦始皇的外棺烧掉了。
[6]精灵:指秦皇、汉武的神灵。
Mounting a Height[1]and Viewing the Sea
Mounting a height,
I gaze afar.
Six Giant Turtles’bones emerge on sea,frost-white,
I do not see where the Three Fairy Mountains are.[2]
The Tree Divine half broken,
The sun’s great splendours wane.
Celestial palace is a dream unwoken
Emperors sought in vain.
The sea could not be filled with stones,
Nor could the gap by Turtles’bones.
Have we not seen imperial tombs in ruins lie,
Which shepherds set on fire?
The bandits came to rob your jewels of value high.
What could you do,imperial lier?
Such is the end you warmongers obtained.
Could immortality be ever gained?
注释:
[1]Mount Tiantai in present-day Zhejiang Province.
[2]According to Chinese legend,elixir could be found in the Fairy Mountains borne by Giant Turtles on the sea,but six Turtles were killed and Fairy Mountains floated off we know not where.