梦游天姥[1]吟留别
海客谈瀛洲[2]，
烟涛微茫信难求。
越人[3]语天姥，
云霞明灭或可睹。
天姥连天向天横，
势拔五岳掩赤城。
天台一万八千丈，
对此欲倒东南倾。
我欲因之梦吴越，
一夜飞渡镜湖月。
湖月照我影，
送我至剡溪[4]。
谢公[5]宿处今尚在，
渌[6]水荡漾清猿啼。
脚着谢公屐[7]，
身登青云梯[8]。
半壁见海日，
空中闻天鸡。
千岩万转路不定，
迷花倚石忽已暝。
熊咆龙吟殷岩泉，
栗深林兮惊层巅。
云青青[9]兮欲雨，
水澹澹[10]兮生烟。
列缺[11]霹雳，
丘峦崩摧。
洞天石扉，
訇然[12]中开。
青冥浩荡不见底，
日月照耀金银台[13]。
霓为衣兮风为马，
云之君兮纷纷而来下。
虎鼓瑟兮鸾回车，
仙之人兮列如麻。
忽魂悸[14]以魄动，
恍惊起而长嗟。
唯觉时之枕席，
失向来之烟霞。
世间行乐亦如此，
古来万事东流水。
别君去兮何时还？
且放白鹿青崖间，
须行即骑访名山。
安能摧眉折腰事权贵，
使我不得开心颜！
《梦游天姥吟留别》是李白最重要的作品之一，作于公元746年他离开长安之后。诗人回首蓬莱宫殿，犹如梦游，就托天姥以寄意了。他因越人之语而幻想天姥，其实是因友人之荐而神往朝廷。诗中用夸张的手法写天姥山，因为它是朝廷的象征，入梦就象征入朝，“身登青云”。至于“半壁见海日，空中闻天鸡”，就是召见金銮，侍诏翰林的景象了。他入朝以后发现朝中可惊可怖的现象，“熊咆龙吟”“丘峦崩摧”。天姥山中的神仙洞府可能象征皇宫内院，自空而降的神仙就是贵族出游，场面富丽堂皇，却又使人感到可怕，可见含有揭露之意。梦醒象征李白对朝廷幻想的破灭，所以才说：“世间行乐亦如此，古来万事东流水。”最后两句“安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜！”说明这不是山水诗，不是游仙诗，不是留别诗，而是用比兴言志的手法，借梦游来抒发心中的愤懑，而诗人的形象和性格也在诗中显现出来了。
注释：
[1]天姥山：在浙江省绍兴市新昌县东面。传说登山的人能听到仙人天姥唱歌的声音，天姥山因此得名。
[2]瀛洲：古代传说中的东海三座仙山之一（另两座叫蓬莱和方丈）。
[3]越人：指浙江一带的人。
[4]剡（shàn）溪：水名，在浙江省绍兴市嵊州市南面。
[5]谢公：指南朝诗人谢灵运。
[6]渌（lù）：清。
[7]谢公屐（jī）：谢灵运穿的那种木屐。
[8]青云梯：指直上云霄的山路。
[9]青青：黑沉沉的。
[10]澹澹：波浪起伏的样子。
[11]列缺：指闪电。
[12]訇（hōnɡ）然：形容声音很大。
[12]金银台：金银铸成的宫阙，指神仙居住的地方。
[14]魂悸：心跳。
Mount Skyland[1]Ascended in a Dream—A Song of Farewell
Of fairy isles seafarers speak,
’Mid dimming mist and surging waves,so hard to seek;
Of Skyland Southerners are proud,
Perceivable through fleeting or dispersing cloud.
Mount Skyland threatens heaven,massed against the sky,
Surpassing the Five Peaks and dwarfing Mount Red Town.
Mount Heaven’s Terrace,five hundred thousand feet high,
Nearby to the southeast,appears to crumble down.
Longing in dreams for Southern land,one night
I flew o’er Mirror Lake in moonlight.
My shadow’s followed by moonbeams
Until I reach Shimmering Streams,
Where Hermitage of Master Xie[2]can still be seen,
And clearly gibbons wail o’er rippling water green.
I put Xie’s pegged boot
Each on one foot,
And scale the mountain ladder to blue cloud.
On eastern cliff I see
Sunrise at sea,
And in mid-air I hear sky-cock crow loud.
The footpath meanders’mid a thousand crags in the vale,
I’m lured by rocks and flowers when the day turns pale.
Bears roar and dragons howl and thunders the cascade,
Deep forests quake and ridges tremble,they’re afraid!
From dark,dark cloud comes rain;
On pale,pale waves mists plane.
Oh!Lightning flashes
And thunder rumbles,
With stunning crashes
Peak on peak crumbles.
The stone gate of a fairy cavern under
Suddenly breaks asunder.
So blue,so deep,so vast appears an endless sky,
Where sun and moon shine on gold and silver terraces high.
Clad in the rainbow,riding on the wind,
The Lords of Clouds descend in a procession long.
Their chariots drawn by phoenix disciplined,
And tigers playing for them a zither song,
Row upon row,like fields of hemp,immortals throng.
Suddenly my heart and soul stirred,I
Awake with a long,long sigh.
I find my head on pillow lie
And fair visions gone by.
Likewise all human joys will pass away
Just as east-flowing water of olden day.
I’ll take my leave of you,not knowing for how long.
I’ll tend a white deer among
The grassy slopes of the green hill
So that I may ride it to famous mountains at will.
How can I stoop and bow before the men in power
And so deny myself a happy hour?
注释：
[1]Or Sky-Mother Mountains in present-day Zhejiang Province.
[2]Master Xie was a Jin-Dynasty poet who was fond of mountaineering and made himself spe cial pegged boots for climbing.
