Li Bai (701–762), also known as Li Po, was a Chinese poet living during the Tang Dynasty.

 

丁都护歌[1]

云阳[2]上征[3]去,

两岸饶商贾[4]。

吴牛[5]喘月时,

拖船一何苦!

水浊不可饮,

壶浆半成土。

一唱都护歌,

心摧泪如雨。

万人凿磐石,

无由达江浒[6]。

君看石芒砀[7],

掩泪悲千古!

这是李白的《伏尔加河纤夫》。所用旧题本身就是凄切哀苦的。暑热时节,纤夫们拖船运石,穿着褴褛的衣衫,饮着浑浊的水,走过两岸富商云集繁华的河。不知何处传来《都护歌》,或许只是乐坊或茶楼酒肆的客人听腻了情歌艳曲,然而在纤夫们听来,不由得催人肺腑,泪如雨下。强烈的反差,深沉的笔触,表现了诗人对劳动人民的苦难命运的深切同情。

注释:

[1]丁督护歌:一名“阿督护”,乐府旧题。

[2]云阳:今江苏丹阳。

[3]上征:指往北行舟。

[4]饶商贾(ɡǔ):商人很多,指商业兴隆;贾,商人。

[5]吴牛:江淮间水牛。典故出自刘义庆《世说新语》:“臣犹吴牛,见月而喘。”刘孝标注:“今之水牛,唯生江淮间,故谓之吴牛也。南土多暑,而牛畏热,见月疑是日,所以见月则喘。”

[6]江浒(hǔ):江边。浒,水边。

[7]石芒砀(dànɡ):形容又多又大的石头。芒砀,大而多貌。

Song of the Tow-men

They tow a boat and upstream wade

Between two shores alive with trade.

Under the heat pants buffalo.

O think what pain it is to tow!

The water’s muddy and can not

Be drunk:thick silt fills half the pot.

When tow-men sing their song’s refrain,

With broken heart,tears fall like rain.

Ten thousand quarry-men would groan

To haul to riverside rough stone.

If rocky mountains could have ears,

Would they not melt into sad tears?