虞美人
春花秋月何时了?
往事知多少!
小楼昨夜又东风,
故国不堪回首月明中。
雕栏玉砌应犹在,
只是朱颜改。
问君能有几多愁?
恰似一江春水向东流!
李后主被俘到汴京后,在生日时饮酒填词,宋太宗一怒之下,下令用牵机药把他毒死。因此,这首《虞美人》是用生命为代价写出来的。王国维说:“后主之词,真所谓以血书者也。”后主的经历概括了人生最深刻的生死之悲,最广阔的兴亡之感。这首词超越了个人的悲痛,具有普遍的意义,是唐宋词中的珍品。
上阕第一句凭空而来,出人意料:“春花秋月”引起他对花前月下的美好回忆,而现在却身为臣虏,在悲痛中回忆欢乐的往事,那就更觉得“故国不堪回首”的悲痛了!
下阕第一句是对“故国”南唐宫殿的特写:南唐的宫殿应该还在,但宫中的美人呢?小周后已经入宋宫随侍了。物是人非,今昔对比,怎不叫李后主悲痛欲绝!最后,只好无可奈何地问自己:你要知道我有多么悲哀吗?那只消看无穷无尽、不舍昼夜、滚滚东流的长江水。真是“天长地久有时尽,此恨绵绵无绝期”!
The Beautiful Lady Yu
When will there be no more autumn moon and spring flowers
For me who had so many memorable hours?
The east wind blew again in my garden last night.
How can I bear the cruel memory of bowers
And palaces steeped in moonlight?
Carved balustrades and marble steps must still be there,
But rosy faces cannot be as fair.
If you ask me how much my sorrow has increased,
Just see the overbrimming river flowing east!