激辩风云（2007）

The definition of moral:
戴尔的课还是甘地的胜利?
Dyer’s lesson or Gandhi’s victory?
你来选
You choose.
从1914到1918
From 1914 to 1918,
世界在战火中的每一分钟
for every single minute the world was at war,
四个人倒下
four men laid down their lives.
想想吧
Just think of it.
四年内的每一个白天 每一个晚上 的每一个小时
240 brave young men were hurled into eternity
240个勇敢的生命
every hour of every day, of every night,
都坠入永恒的沉睡
for four long years.
35000小时
35,000 hours.
8,281,000伤亡
8,281,000 casualties.
240.
240.
240.
240.
240.
240.
这是一个屠♥杀♥
Here was a slaughter
比在阿密萨规模大无数倍的屠♥杀♥
immeasurably greater than what happened at Amritsar.
有何道德可言吗?
Can there be anything moral about it?
没有
Nothing…
除了这让德国奴役欧洲的计划
except that it stopped Germany
完全破产
from enslaving all of Europe.
消极抵抗并非因为是非暴♥力♥而成为道德的
Civil disobedience isn’t moral because it’s non-violent.
为你的国家奋力杀敌
Fighting for your country with violence
可以是非常道德的
can be deeply moral,
这要求最高程度的牺牲：
demanding the greatest sacrifice of all:
生命
Life itself.
非暴♥力♥是消极合作所佩戴的面具
Non-violence is the mask civil disobedience wears
用以遮掩它的真实面目：
to conceal its true face…
无政♥府♥正义
anarchy.
甘地相信一个人必须对他的对手
Gandhi believes one must always act
充满爱和敬意
with love and respect for one’s opponents,
即使他们是哈佛的辩手
even if they are Harvard debaters.
甘地也相信犯法之人
Gandhi also believes that lawbreakers must accept
需接受他们行为的后果
the legal consequences for their actions.
这是无政♥府♥主义吗?
Does that sound like anarchy?
消极抵抗不是我们应该恐惧的东西
Civil disobedience is not something for us to fear.
不管怎么样它都是源于美国的思想
It is, after all, an American concept.
你看 甘地受到的影响
You see, Gandhi draws his inspiration
并不来自于印度教经典
not from a Hindu scripture,
而是来自亨利·大卫·梭罗
but from Henry David Thoreau,
我相信他是哈佛毕业的
who I believe graduated from Harvard
曾经住在离这里不远的小池塘边
and lived by a pond not too far from here.
对方辩友一件事说对了
My opponent is right about one thing.
梭罗是哈佛毕业生
Thoreau was a Harvard grad,
也像我们大多数人一样 有点自以为是
and, like many of us, a bit self-righteous.
他说过 “任何比邻居要更正确的人
He once said, “Any man more right than his neighbors
都构成一个人的大多数 ”
constitutes a majority of one.”
梭罗这个理想主义者可能永不知
Thoreau the idealist could never know
希♥特♥勒♥会同意他的观点
that Adolf Hitler would agree with his words.
民♥主♥之美及之重是：
The beauty and the burden of democracy is this:
任何观点都需获大多数通过
No idea prevails without the support of the majority.
人♥民♥判断道德问题
The people decide the moral issues of the day,
而不是一个人的大多数
not a majority of one.
大多数并不决定什么是对或错
Majorities do not decide what is right or wrong.
你的良心决定这些
Your conscience does.
为什么一个市民
So why should a citizen
要将他的良知
surrender his or her conscience
交由立法者支配?
to a legislator?
不 我们永远不能
No, we must never, ever kneel down
向一个大多数的暴♥政♥屈伏
before the tyranny of a majority.
我们不能决定遵守或无视哪部法律
We can’t decide which laws to obey and which to ignore.
如果我们可以
If we could…
红灯我就不停
I’d never stop for a red light.
我的父亲是一个
My father is one of those men
站在我们和混乱之间的人
that stands between us and chaos:
一个警♥察♥
A police officer.
我还记得那天他的搭档 他最好的朋友
I remember the day his partner, his best friend,
因公而被枪杀
was gunned down in the line of duty.
最生动的是
Most vividly of all,
我记得我爸爸脸上的表情
I remember the expression on my dad’s face.
任何对法律的侵蚀都是不道德的
Nothing that erodes the rule of law can be moral,
不管它们的名字多么花哨
no matter what name we give it.
好
Bravo!
他怎么不说话?
Why doesn’t he say something?
嘘
Shh!
在德州
In Texas…
人们私刑处死黑人
they lynch Negroes.
我的队友和我
My teammates and I
看到一个男人 在脖子处绑着吊起来
saw a man strung up by his neck
然后被烧死
and set on fire.
我们开过一群动私刑的暴民
We drove through a lynch mob,
我们把脸紧紧贴在车子地板上
pressed our faces against the floorboard.
我看着我的队友
I looked at my teammates.
他们眼中我看到了恐惧
I saw the fear in their eyes…
更悲哀的是
and worse…
我看到了羞耻
the shame.
那个黑人犯了什么罪
What was this Negro’s crime
让他没有审判 在一个雾气弥漫的森林中
that he should be hung, without trial,
直接被吊死?
in a dark forest filled with fog?
他是个贼?
Was he a thief?
是个杀人犯?
Was he a killer?
还是只因为他是黑人?
Or just a Negro?
他是个佃农?
Was he a sharecropper?
传道者?
A preacher?
他的孩子在等着他吗?
Were his children waiting up for him?
我们躺着一动不动又成为了什么?
And who are we to just lie there and do nothing?
不管他做了什么 那群暴民才是罪犯
No matter what he did, the mob was the criminal.
但是法律什么也没做
But the law did nothing,
让我们不禁思考
just left us wondering why.
对方辩友说
My opponent says
任何对法律的侵蚀都是不道德的
nothing that erodes the rule of law can be moral.
但是在施行种族隔离策略的南方 没有法律
But there is no rule of law in the Jim Crow South,
至少在黑人被拒绝居住权的时候 没有法律
not when Negroes are denied housing,
在被学校 医院拒收的时候
turned away from schools, hospitals,
在我们被私刑处死的时候 没有法律
and not when we are lynched.
圣奥古斯丁说
St. Augustine said,
“一个不公正的法律就是没有法律 ”
“An unjust law is no law at all,”
这意味着我有权力
which means I have a right,
甚至责任 去用暴♥力♥
even a duty, to resist…
或者消极抵抗来反抗
with violence or civil disobedience.
你们应该庆幸我选择了后者
You should pray I choose the latter.
好
Bravo!
今晚的辩论
In tonight’s debate
在哈佛大学和威利学院展开
between Harvard University and Wiley College…
赢者是
And the winner is…
威利学院
Wiley College.
七年后 在1942年 詹姆士·法默二世
成立了种族平等协会
变成了民权运动的领导人
经历了一生的教书和写作
詹姆士·法默一世在1961年逝世
在他死前一天 当时已是律师的萨曼莎·布可
搭上了第一班前往阿♥拉♥巴马的自♥由♥列车
亨利·罗进了加州大学
继续进修神学
成了牧师
梅尔文·托森成了世界闻名的诗人
他还是继续和南方佃农工会合作
到了1936年底 工会已有从七个州加入的31000个会员
之后十年 威利大学辩论队所向无敌