scapegoat

单词历史

scapegoat替罪羊

该词由escape和goat组成，为英国新教徒威廉·丁道尔（William Tyndale，约1494—1536）首创。丁道尔在翻译希伯来语azāzēl（可能是一个魔鬼的名字）时，将其错读为ēzōzēl（离开的山羊，《利未记》〔Leviticus 〕第16章第8节）。该词曾指象征性地承担以色列人的所有罪孽、并被遣送至荒野的羊。

——摘自《单词的历史：英语词源漫谈》

英语词源

scapegoat：替罪羊，在赎罪日背负人的罪恶离开的羊

根据摩西制定的律法规定，每年的赎罪日，犹太人都要挑出两只羊，一只作为祭品献给上帝，称为“ the Lord ’ s goat ”。另一只则给绑在祭坛下，祭司用手按羊，代表众人向上帝忏悔这一年的罪过，然后把这只羊带到旷野中放掉，表示它背负着人的罪恶离去，从而洗净了人的灵魂。这只羊就叫做 scape goat ，后来合并为 scapegoat ，字面意思是“逃走的羊”，但通常被翻译为“替罪羊”，因为它承担了人的罪恶。

scapegoat 首次出现在1530年廷代尔翻译的《圣经》英文版本中。19世纪早期， scapegoat 才发展出非宗教方面的用法，指替别人承担罪恶和过错的意思。

• scapegoat：[‘skeɪpgəʊt] n. 替罪羊，替人顶罪者，替身 vt. 使成为替罪羊

常见短语

替罪羊 (scapegoat)：指被人们指责、责备或承担错误或罪行的人，尽管他们可能并不完全有罪。

以下是一些包含 “scapegoat” 的短语：

1. Be made a scapegoat: 被当作替罪羊
2. Use someone as a scapegoat: 将某人当作替罪羊使用
3. Blame someone as a scapegoat: 将某人当作替罪羊指责
4. Sacrifice someone as a scapegoat: 将某人当作替罪羊牺牲
5. Find a scapegoat: 找寻一个替罪羊
6. Make someone a scapegoat: 把某人当作替罪羊
7. Hold someone up as a scapegoat: 把某人当作替罪羊来羞辱
8. Dump blame on someone as a scapegoat: 把责任推给某人当作替罪羊
9. Point fingers at someone as a scapegoat: 把某人当作替罪羊指责
10. Take someone for a scapegoat: 把某人当作替罪羊看待
11. Use someone as a political scapegoat: 将某人当作政治替罪羊使用
12. Make a company a scapegoat for economic issues: 将一家公司当作经济问题的替罪羊
13. scapegoat someone for organizational failures: 把某人当作组织失败的替罪羊
14. Become a scapegoat for others’ mistakes: 成为他人错误的替罪羊
15. Assign blame to someone as a scapegoat: 把责任归咎于某人当作替罪羊
16. Put the blame on someone as a scapegoat: 把责任推给某人当作替罪羊
17. Single out someone as a scapegoat: 把某人单独当作替罪羊
18. Use a minority group as a scapegoat: 将少数群体当作替罪羊使用
19. Make an individual a scapegoat for systemic issues: 将某人当作系统问题的替罪羊
20. Hold someone accountable as a scapegoat: 把某人当作替罪羊追究责任
21. Shift blame onto someone as a scapegoat: 把责任转嫁给某人当作替罪羊
22. Target someone as a scapegoat for public anger: 将某人当作公众愤怒的替罪羊
23. Sacrifice someone’s reputation as a scapegoat: 牺牲某人的声誉当作替罪羊
24. Blame an entire community as a scapegoat: 把整个社区当作替罪羊指责
25. Accuse someone unjustly as a scapegoat: 不公正地指责某人当作替罪羊
26. Use someone’s past mistakes as a scapegoat: 将某人过去的错误当作替罪羊
27. Treat someone as a scapegoat for personal gain: 将某人当作替罪羊以谋取个人利益
28. Make someone the scapegoat for a failed project: 把某人当作项目失败的替罪羊
29. Lay blame on someone as a scapegoat: 把责任归咎于某人当作替罪羊
30. Implicate someone as a scapegoat in a scandal: 将某人牵连进丑闻当作替罪羊
31. Brand someone as a scapegoat for social problems: 把某人标记为社会问题的替罪羊
32. Use someone as a scapegoat for organizational shortcomings: 将某人当作组织不足的替罪羊
33. Blame someone unfairly as a scapegoat: 不公平地将某人当作替罪羊指责
34. Take advantage of someone as a scapegoat: 利用某人当作替罪羊
35. Offer someone as a scapegoat to deflect attention: 提供某人当作替罪羊以转移注意力
36. Assign guilt to someone as a scapegoat: 将罪责归咎于某人当作替罪羊
37. Use someone as a scapegoat for personal failures: 将某人当作个人失败的替罪羊
38. Blame an individual as a scapegoat for systemic issues: 把某人单独当作系统问题的替罪羊
39. Paint someone as a scapegoat for political purposes: 将某人描述为政治目的的替罪羊
40. Make someone the scapegoat for a financial crisis: 把某人当作金融危机的替罪羊
41. Accuse someone as a scapegoat for moral failures: 将某人指责为道德失败的替罪羊
42. Use someone as a scapegoat to maintain power: 将某人当作维持权力的替罪羊
43. Lay the blame on someone as a scapegoat: 把责任归咎于某人当作替罪羊
44. Target an innocent person as a scapegoat: 把一个无辜的人当作替罪羊
45. Sacrifice someone’s career as a scapegoat: 牺牲某人的职业当作替罪羊
46. Use a celebrity as a scapegoat for societal issues: 将名人当作社会问题的替罪羊
47. Shift responsibility onto someone as a scapegoat: 把责任转嫁给某人当作替罪羊