圆圆曲
[清]吴伟业
鼎湖[1]当日[2]弃人间，
破敌收京下玉关[3]。
恸哭[4]六军俱缟素[5]，
冲冠[6]一怒为红颜[7]。
红颜流落[8]非吾恋，
逆贼[9]天亡[10]自荒宴[11]。
电扫[12]黄巾定黑山[13]，
哭罢君亲[14]再相见。
相见初经田窦[15]家，
侯门[16]歌舞出如花。
许[17]将戚里[18]空侯伎[19]，
等取将军油壁车[20]。
家本姑苏[21]浣花里，
圆圆小字娇罗绮。
梦向夫差苑里游[22]，
宫娥[23]拥入君王起。
前身合是[24]采莲人，
门前一片横塘水。
横塘双桨去如飞，
何处豪家强载归？
此际岂知非薄命，
此时只有泪沾衣。
熏天意气连宫掖[25]，
明眸皓齿[26]无人惜。
夺归永巷[27]闭良家，
教就新声倾座客。
座客飞觞[28]红日暮，
一曲哀弦向谁诉？
白皙通侯[29]最少年，
拣取花枝屡回顾。
早携娇鸟出樊笼，
待得银河几时渡[30]？
恨杀军书抵死催，
苦留后约将人误。
相约恩深相见难，
一朝蚁贼[31]满长安。
可怜思妇楼头柳[32]，
认作天边粉絮[33]看。
遍索绿珠[34]围内第[35]，
强呼绛树[36]出雕栏。
若非壮士[37]全师胜，
争得蛾眉[38]匹马还。
蛾眉马上传呼进，
云鬟不整惊魂定。
蜡炬迎来在战场，
啼妆满面残红印。
专征箫鼓向秦川[39]，
金牛道[40]上车千乘。
斜谷云深起画楼，
散关[41]月落开妆镜。
传来消息满江乡，
乌桕[42]红经十度霜[43]。
教曲妓师怜尚在[44]，
浣纱女伴[45]忆同行。
旧巢共是衔泥燕，
飞上枝头变凤凰。
长向尊前悲老大[46]，
有人夫婿擅侯王[47]。
当时只受[48]声名累，
贵戚名豪尽延致[49]。
一斛珠连万斛愁，
关山漂泊腰肢细。
错怨[50]狂风扬落花，
无边春色来天地。
尝闻倾国与倾城[51]，
翻使周郎[52]受重名。
妻子岂应关大计[53]，
英雄无奈是多情。
全家白骨[54]成灰土，
一代红妆照汗青[55]。
君不见，馆娃[56]初起鸳鸯宿，
越女[57]如花看不足。
香径尘生鸟自啼，
屟廊人去苔空绿。
换羽移宫[58]万里愁，
珠歌翠舞古梁州[59]。
为君别唱[60]吴宫曲[61]，
汉水东南日夜流。
注释：
[1]鼎湖：相传黄帝铸鼎于荆山下，后世称此处为鼎湖，后来常以“鼎湖”喻皇帝去世，这里指崇祯自缢而死。
[2]当日：那一天。
[3]玉关：玉门关，这里借指山海关。这两句说，崇祯皇帝去世那一天，吴三桂从山海关勾结清兵，打下北京。
[4]恸哭：放声痛哭，号哭。
[5]俱缟素：全都穿上丧服。缟与素都是白色的生绢，引申为白色的丧服。
[6]冲冠：怒发冲冠，指发怒。
[7]红颜：美女，指陈圆圆。这两句说，明朝军队都为皇帝的自杀而悲伤得大哭，全都穿上丧服，而吴三桂却因为陈圆圆被俘而大怒。
[8]红颜流落：指陈圆圆被起义军刘宗敏所俘。
[9]逆贼：对起义军的诬称。
[10]天亡：天意使他们灭亡。
[11]荒宴：荒淫宴乐。
[12]电扫：形容吴三桂攻击农民起义军的声势，像闪电一样迅速。
[13]黄巾、黑山：汉末农民起义军黄巾军、黑山军，这里指李自成起义军。
[14]君亲：君，指崇祯皇帝。亲，指吴三桂父母。这句是仿拟吴三桂的话，说他要为君亲报了仇再与陈圆圆相见。
[15]田窦：指西汉外戚田蚡和窦婴，这里借指崇祯妃田氏的父亲田宏遇。
[16]侯门：指田宏遇家。
[17]许：应许。
[18]戚里：皇帝亲戚的住所。
[19]空侯伎：本指弹箜篌的艺伎，这里代指陈圆圆。
[20]等取将军油壁车：等待吴三桂用油壁车来迎接陈圆圆。
[21]姑苏：苏州。
[22]梦向夫差苑里游：做梦曾到吴王夫差的花园里，引起吴王的注意。
[23]宫娥：宫女。
[24]合是：应是。
[25]宫掖：后宫。
[26]明眸：明亮的眼睛。皓齿：洁白的牙齿，形容美貌。
[27]永巷：宫中的长巷，是宫女居住的地方。据说陈圆圆进宫后，崇祯没有召见她，不久外放永巷宫人，田妃乘机把她交给了田宏遇。
[28]飞觞：一杯杯不停地喝酒，形容狂饮。
[29]白皙通侯：面色白净的通侯，指吴三桂。通侯，汉爵位名。
[30]待得银河几时渡：这句用牛郎和织女的故事，说吴三桂盼望与陈圆圆在一起。
[31]蚁贼：对农民起义军的诬称。
[32]楼头柳：这里是说思妇对远方丈夫的思念。
[33]天边粉絮：未从良的妓女。这两句说陈圆圆已是有夫之妇，却被当作妓女来对待。
[34]绿珠：晋代石崇的爱妾，非常漂亮。
[35]内第：妇女所住之处。
[36]绛树：汉末著名舞伎。绿珠、绛树这里皆指陈圆圆。
[37]壮士：指吴三桂。
[38]争得：怎得。蛾眉：美女，指陈圆圆。
[39]秦川：陕西关中一带。
[40]金牛道：川陕栈道之一。
[41]散关：大散关，在陕西宝鸡市西南大散岭上。
[42]乌桕：树名。
[43]十度霜：十个年头。这一句说关于陈圆圆的消息传到她的家乡，她离家已有十年了。
[44]尚在：还在。
[45]浣纱女伴：陈圆圆的女伴。
[46]老大：年纪大了。
[47]擅侯王：占有侯王的爵位。
[48]只受：但受。
[49]尽延致：争着筵请，延：通“筵”。
[50]错怨：错怪。
[51]倾国与倾城：指美女。
[52]周郎：指周瑜。
[53]大计：有关国家兴亡的重大决策。
[54]全家白骨：吴三桂降清，李自成怒杀其全家。
[55]汗青：指史书。这两句说，吴三桂全家被杀，却使陈圆圆名留青史。
[56]馆娃：夫差为西施建筑的馆娃宫。
[57]越女：指西施。这两句说吴王很宠爱西施，暗示吴三桂荒淫无耻。
[58]羽、宫：古时音乐中的两个音阶名称。
[59]古梁州：指云南，吴三桂后来镇守云南。这两句说国家正当忧愁危亡之际，吴三桂却沉湎声色。
[60]别唱：另唱。
[61]吴宫曲：咏叹吴宫盛衰之曲，指此诗。
Song of the Beautiful Yuanyuan
Wu Weiye
The emperor left the human world on a gloomy day;
The General[1] to the imperial palace fought his way.
The royal armies dressed in mourning shed their tears;
The wrathful general for his lady wielded his spears.
“Not that I love my lady captured by the foe,
But that I hate to death the rebels spreading woe.
Like lightning sweeping them away at Mountain Black,
O’er father’s death I’ll weep and bring my lady back.”
Remember their first meeting in a nobleman’s bower:
She sang and danced as beautifully as a flower.
The nobleman promised to bestow the songstress fair
On General Wu, who carried her home in sedan chair.
Born near the Flower-washing Stream, she was a maid
Named Yuanyuan, whose charm outshone silk and brocade.
She dreamed of roving in the royal garden where
She met the king surrounded by his maidens fair.
In previous life she must have been the Fairy Queen;
Before her door there stretched a sea of water green.
On water green two oars propelled a boat in flight:
A nobleman had carried her away by might.
Who knows on such occasion what her fate would be?
Her tear-soaked robe was all that one could see.
Her bitterness ascended as high as the skies,
But no one pitied her pearly teeth, her crystal eyes.
She was ravished and shut up inside all day long,
Where she was taught to sing every ravishing song.
The general came and drank his fill till sunset.
To whom could she complain and sing her deep regret?
With our young general bright no gallant could ever vie:
While plucking flowers of the turned to her his eye.
He freed the singing bird caged behind stout bars.
How many times they crossed the Stream of Silver Stars!
But military orders commanded him to fight;
He promised to be back and left her in sad plight.
How deep his love for her! How hard again to meet!
When rebels trampled the capital beneath their feet!
Alas! The lovesick mistress in the tower high
Was taken like the willow catkin in the sky.
Her inner chamber was surrounded all about;
From the carved balustrade she’s compelled to come out.
Had not our general beaten the rebel force,
How could his lady fair be rescued on a horse?
The lady on a horse was summoned to appear,
Her hair like tousled cloud, unrecovered from fear.
Two giant candles lit her to the battlefield;
Her pretty face was clouded with her tears congealed,
The general’s force, while beating drums, marched its way;
A thousand chariots drove southwest without delay.
In cloud-veiled valley rose a painted tower high;
The setting moon became a mirror to her eye.
To her homeland by riverside the news soon spread
Though ten times maples bitten by frost had turned red.
The master who taught her to sing felt fortunate;
The washerwomen still remembered their lucky mate.
We’re swallows pecking clods of clay to build our nest:
One flying up the tree becomes a phoenix blest.
Before a cup of wine we grieve that old we’ve grown;
We’re glad she’s married General Wu who wears a crown.
Alas! the lady’s compromised by far-flung fame:
Her beauty earned for her all noblemen’s acclaim.
One casket of bright pearls brought ten caskets of grief:
Her slender waist now wafted for miles like a leaf.
Blame not the breeze that blows down flowers far and nigh!
For boundless spring has come from the earth and the sky.
A peerless beauty brings a country’s up and down
And earns for a gallant hero his lasting renown.
How could a woman care about the state affair?
How could our general forsake his lady fair?
His family were slain and turned to dust and clay;
Her rosy dress will shine in history for aye.
Have you not seen
In Golden Palace where the lovebirds passed the night.
The lady was too lovely to be kept out of sight?
On dusty fragrant path now only cries blackbird,
No beauty’s steps are heard
Where moss in vain grows green.
With palace music changed, for miles and miles grief reigns:
Still pearly teeth and green sleeves dance on Western Plains.
If for the conquered Southern Land I sing new lay,
Like River Han will grief overflow night and day.
注释：
[1]General Wu Sangui, whose favorite lady Yuanyuan was captured by the peasant army, led the Qing forces in recapturing her in 1644, resulting in the downfall of the Ming Dynasty.
