赏析
这首《晚泊浔阳望庐山》，一开篇便是“挂席几千里，名山都未逢”，淡笔轻轻挥洒，勾勒出一片宽广的大自然，不精雕细刻个别景物，却给读者留下了丰富的想象余地。我们仿佛看到诗人的轻舟，掠过千里烟波江上的无数青山。诗的起势高远。而且“名山都未逢”，又将诗人对于名山的热烈向往之情充分地抒写出来了。接着，“泊舟浔阳郭，始见香炉峰”，只以“始见”二字轻轻点染，就描摹出诗人举头见到庐山在眼前突兀而起的惊喜神态。这四句如行云流水，一气直下，以空灵之笔叙事；感情却从“都未逢”、“始见”等平淡字眼含蓄地透露。
上半首是从眼中所见直写“望”庐山之意，下半首则是从意中所想透出“望”字神情。面对着香炉峰上烟云缭绕，诗人的思绪也随之飘忽。他想起了曾经在香炉峰麓建造“东林精舍”，带领徒众“同修净业”的高僧慧远。他读过慧远的传记，深深地倾慕与怀念这位高僧弃绝尘俗的幽踪。此刻，东林精舍就在眼前，而远公早作了古人，诗人因此而感到惆怅和感伤。诗的末尾，写夕照中从东林寺传来一阵悠扬的钟声。把诗人惆怅、怀念的感情抒写得更为深远。山寺都是朝暮鸣钟，“日暮”是“闻钟”的时间，“闻钟”又渲染了“日暮”的气氛。日暮闻钟，带给人忧郁感和神秘感。而“空”字，表明高僧已逝，钟声空闻，从而传达出诗人的怀念、惆怅等复杂的感情。后四句字面上没有出现“望”字，但诗人遐想高僧和聆听暮钟，却透露出了“望”意。
其实所谓“韵”和“神韵”，就是指诗人用平淡自然的语言和高度传神的笔法写景抒情罢了。由于笔墨疏淡，景物在若有若无，若隐若现之间，却蕴藏着丰富悠远的情思，余味无穷。王士祯等人推崇这首诗有“神韵”，足当“逸品”，“一片空灵”，主要是欣赏孟浩然诗的“清空”、“古淡”的韵致。这首诗流露出诗人对隐逸生活的倾羡，企图超脱尘世的思想；在艺术上，诗人以简淡的文字传出景物和人物的风神，表现丰富的情意，给人以言简意赅、语淡味醇、意境清远、韵致流溢的感受。
纵观全诗，气势不凡，色彩清幽素淡，神韵自然贯通，诗人用“晚泊浔阳”的所见、所闻、所思，表露了对隐逸生活的追慕。▲
Appreciation
The poem “Evening at Xunyang looking at Mount Lu” begins with “Hanging seat for thousands of miles, the famous mountains are not met”, a light brush gently waving, outlining a wide piece of nature, not fine carved individual scenery, but left the reader a rich imagination. We seem to see the poet’s light boat sweeping over the countless green hills on the thousands of miles of smoky rivers. The poem starts from a lofty momentum. The poet’s passionate longing for the famous mountains is fully expressed in the phrase “the famous mountains have not been met yet”. Then, “moored in Xunyang Guo, first saw the incense burner peak”, only the word “first saw” lightly colored, to describe the poet raised his head to see Mount Lushan in front of the sudden rise of the surprised look. These four lines, such as the flow of water, a straight down, to the airy brush narrative; feelings from “are not met”, “began to see” and other bland words implicitly revealed.
The first half of the poem is a straightforward description of the meaning of “looking” at Mount Lu from what one sees in the eyes, while the second half is a reflection of the word “looking” from what one thinks. Faced with the smoke and clouds on the Xiangbao Peak, the poet’s thoughts also drifted. He recalls the monk Huiyuan, who once built the “East Forest Refuge” at the foot of Xiangxiangbao Peak and led the disciples to “practice purity together”. He had read Hui Yuan’s biography and deeply admired and missed the monk’s seclusion from the world. At this moment, the East Woods Cottage is right in front of his eyes, but the monk has long since passed away, so the poet feels melancholy and sad. At the end of the poem, the poet writes that a bell comes from the East Forest Temple in the sunset. The poet’s feelings of melancholy and nostalgia are expressed in a more profound way. It is the time to “hear the bell”, and “hear the bell” renders the atmosphere of “sunset”. The atmosphere of “sunset”. Hearing the bell at sunset brings people a sense of melancholy and mystery. The word “empty” indicates that the monk has passed away and the bell is not heard, thus conveying the poet’s complex feelings of nostalgia and despair. The word “hope” does not appear in the last four lines, but the poet’s reverie about the monk and listening to the twilight bell reveal the meaning of “hope”.
In fact, the so-called “rhyme” and “divine rhyme” refer to the poet’s use of plain and natural language and highly evocative brushwork to write the scenes and express his feelings. As the brush and ink are sparse, the scenery, if any, contains rich and distant thoughts, and the aftertaste is endless. Wang Shizhen and others praised this poem for its “divine rhythm” and its “ethereal quality”, mainly because they appreciated the “clear and empty” and “ancient and light” nature of Meng Haoran’s poem. The main reason is to appreciate the “clear and empty” and “ancient and light” rhythm of Meng Haoran’s poem. The poem reveals the poet’s admiration for the secluded life and his attempt to transcend the world; artistically, the poet uses simple and light words to convey the style and spirit of the scenery and characters and express rich emotions, giving people the feeling of simple and concise words, light and mellow language, clear and far-reaching mood and overflowing rhyme.
The poem is a very good example of the poet’s love for the secluded life. ▲
