哈利·波特：一段魔法史

一副关于女巫的有趣图画 我觉得
A nice interesting image of a witch, which I think is…
是的 真是一点都不老套 这么大的鼻子
Yes, in no way a cliche, with her enormous nose
鼻尖都快碰到下巴了
and her chin that almost meets the tip of it!
太棒了
That’s great.
我很享受写《哈利·波特》里的占卜部分
I have a lot of fun with divination in the Potter books
因为我明确说明了
because I make it quite clear
占卜只有百万分之一的成功几率
that you get lucky once every million times.
自♥由♥意志才是《哈利·波特》
Free will is the abiding
不变的原则 而不是预言
principle of the Potter books, not prophecy.
《茶叶占卜》
如何用茶叶算命
插图版
高地预言家著
你出生的时候 在天宫中
“Saturn was surely in a position of power in the heavens”
《哈利·波特与火焰杯》 2000
土星肯定占主导地位
“at the moment of your birth.”
你的黑头发 瘦削的体型
“Your dark hair, your mean stature.”
还有你在襁褓中就失去父母
“Tragic losses so young in life.”
我可以断言 亲爱的
“I think I’m right in saying, my dear,”
你出生在寒冬
“that you were born in midwinter.”
“不是” 哈利说
” ‘No,’ said Harry.”
我出生在七月
“I was born in July.”
这些东西将被送到大英图书馆
These items are being sent to the British Library to be installed
放在专门用来展示占卜物件的区域
in a section dedicated to divination.
茶叶 茶杯
Tea. Teacups.
都是用来算命的
Used for fortune-telling.
你得用茶叶 而不是茶包 不然不会成功
You’d use leaf tea, not a teabag. Won’t work.
一面典型的魔镜
Typical magic mirror.
你有好几面 对吧
You’ve got several, haven’t you?
-是的 -你收藏这些东西有多久啦
– Yes. – How long have you been collecting them?
-我有三面魔镜 -三面
– I’ve got three. – Three?
三面 这种东西市面上不多见
Three, but they don’t come up very often.
我想格雷厄姆有四面
I think Graham’s got four.
现在对于占卜的流行观点是
The popular view of fortune-telling today
占卜是用来预测未来的
is that it’s about foretelling the future,
但这绝对不是占卜最早的意义
and that definitely wasn’t the original purpose of divination.
占卜事实上更主要是
It was much more，in fact, largely
用来帮助人们做决定的
about helping people to make decisions.
有点像是和潜意识进行沟通 对吗
So it’s sort of contacting the subconscious, in a way, isn’t it?
是的 还有请求其他力量
Yeah. And then appealing to another force
给予我们更多的信息
in order to gain that knowledge.
魔法是…
Magic is…
我想它既是一种力量
I think it’s simultaneously about empowerment,
同时也是对我们这个
but it’s also an acknowledgement
可怖的未知世界的一种认知
that we are in a scary and unknowable world
因为我们知道这些仪式
because we know that these ritual practices
可以一直追溯到原始人时期
that go back to what we now would call primitive peoples,
而且我们现在仍在进行类似的仪式
and yet we still do a version of it today, you know,
很多人仍旧保留了某些仪式
many of us still have our own little rituals
自己可能都没有意识到
that we don’t even acknowledge as rituals,
但这是一种试图掌控生活的方式
but it’s a way of trying to control what we secretly know
即便我们内心明白这很难做到
is uncontrollable, which is life.
这种通过与死者交流来控制未来的欲念
This impulse to control the future by communicating with the dead
全世界各地都存在 并持续至今
is one that spans millennia and crosses continents.
为了呈现魔法的多样性
Reflecting the diversity of magic
馆长们忙的焦头烂额
is a task that’s keeping the curators busy.
估计很多朋友都会说我是拉文克劳学院的
I think most of my friends would probably say I’m a Ravenclaw.
艾玛·古德利弗
大英图书馆 中文藏书馆馆长
有点书呆子气
Bit of a nerd.
在我听说
As soon as I heard that
哈利·波特展览即将启动时
the Harry Potter exhibition was happening,
我瞬间激动不已
I was immediately excited.
这些是我们最爱的藏品
These are some of our favourite items.
它们是大英图书馆里最古老的物品
They’re the oldest items in the British Library.
这些一度被认为是龙骨的东西
Once thought to be dragon bones,
能追溯到三千年前的商朝
they date back 3,000 years to the lost Shang dynasty.
它们是中国文字最古老的例证
They are the most ancient examples of Chinese writing.
我们将从1911年收入馆藏的
So we are going to exhibit a total of four pieces
拉·契祖拉
莎大英图书馆东亚馆负责人
484块甲骨文中
of a collection of 484 oracle bones
选出四块以供展览
which entered the library in 1911.
它们是兽骨
They are animal bones
在中国的青铜时代
and they were used for divination practices
被用于占卜
in Bronze Age China.
在发现这些兽骨之前
Until the bones were discovered,
历史学家们能够证明
historians had little evidence
商朝存在的证据寥寥无几
that the Shang dynasty had ever existed.
而线索就刻在它们的表面上
But clues lay on the surface of the bones,
藏在这些细小神秘的裂纹中
and with them, tiny, mysterious cracks.
显然它们与一种
They are clearly linked to a ritual
旨在预测未来的仪式密不可分
involved in order to divine the future.
人们相信生活在天上的先人们
The ancestors who are living in the heavens
通晓人类的未来
were believed to know about human beings’ future.
占卜者通过解读裂纹
The diviners were interpreting the cracks
传递先人们给出的答案
as the answer from the ancestors.
兽骨很轻
Bones were light,
便于携带 能够带上战场
portable and could be taken onto the battlefield.
皇家占卜师用它们为人间帝王
The royal diviners prepared them for the king,
向先人询问未来的走向
to ask the ancestors about the future.
对于历史学家而言重现巫师占卜方式
To historians, reconstructing the work of the diviners
是一个连通商朝的迷人窗口
is a fascinating window into the world of the Shang.
自六十年代以来
Since the ’60s,
人们一直试图制♥造♥类似的裂纹
people have been trying to produce cracks
经过三十个小时的努力 我们俩
and I think after 30 hours of work, the two of us
约阿姆希·根茨教授
爱丁堡大学汉学研究院
制♥造♥出了第一道裂纹
produced the first crack,
可以说很了不起了
which was quite an achievement.
之后我们制♥造♥了更深的裂纹
And then we produced further cracks.
它们太细小了 我们还没办法完全控制
They were very tiny and we are not yet fully in control of it.
我们的目标是熟练掌握如何制♥造♥裂纹
This is a degree of sophistication which we aim to achieve,
但还需要更多练习
but we need much more practice.
没成功
They didn’t work.
什么都没有
Nothing.
弄裂一块骨头听似简单
Snapping a bone might sound easy,
但要在一块甲骨上制♥造♥一条精细的裂纹
but to make the delicate cracks of an oracle bone,
就得考验你的耐心和精确度了
you need care and precision.
来看看 真的出现裂纹了
Let’s have a look. Oh, we do have a crack!
天哪
Oh, my God!
看这个
Look at this!
天哪 成功了
Oh, my God! I think it worked!
成功了
It worked!
安东尼·卢彻涅特
考古学家
好了
0K.
所以 如你所见
So, as you can see,
即使我们没听到断裂的声音 裂纹也产生了
the crack worked even though we didn’t hear it.
以这里为基准 你得到了两处裂纹
But you have the two parts with the baseline here
以及另一处向反方向延伸的裂纹
and the other crack going away from it.
商朝的帝王把
The Shang king interpreted
这些细小的裂纹解读为亡者的讯息
this tiny crack as a message from the dead.
大英图书馆的甲骨文残片告诉了我们
The fragments in the British Library tell us
他当时到底是怎么想的
exactly what was on his mind.
这两块甲骨 说得都是天气
These two bones, these are all about the weather.
甲骨上刻着国王的问题和答案
The bones are inscribed with the king’s question and answer.
这是块尤为重要的甲骨 因为我们在
This is a particularly important bone because this is a bone
这块甲骨上看到了关于月蚀的记载
in which we see the reference to a lunar eclipse
并将日期精确到了
that we’ve precisely dated
公元前1192年12月27日晚
to the night of the 27th of December 1192 BC.
实际上甲骨上提到月蚀是件非常有意思的事
The fact that a lunar eclipse is mentioned is very interesting
因为不管是月蚀还是日蚀
because any kind of eclipse, lunar or solar,
都被认为是不祥之兆
was considered to be a bad omen.
所以他们会定期进行这类占卜
So they would regularly perform these divinations
以便确定他们是否应该提前
in order to establish whether they should prepare themselves
为这类灾难做准备