哈利·波特：一段魔法史

access to any form of medicine.
一个小小的伤口就可能致命
A small cut could kill you, you know?
难怪人们会在自己身边
It’s no wonder that people put so much stock
储存上许多潜在的能救命的植物
in the potential life-saving properties of the plants around them, really.
植物是J·K·罗琳魔法世界里极重要的部分
Plants are a key ingredient in JK Rowling’s wizarding world,
在那里 植物被拿来制♥作♥魔法药水
where they’re used to make potions,
而原材料则可以在
and supplies can be found
马尔佩珀先生的药房♥里买♥♥到
in the apothecary of a certain Mr Mulpepper.
他的名字听起来有点像
His name might sound a little bit
展览上另一个作品
like another exhibit in the show,
尼古拉斯·卡尔佩珀写《草药大全》
the Complete Herbal by one Nicholas Culpeper.
卡尔佩珀是真正意义上的草药学英雄
So Culpeper really was a herbal hero.
他掀起了英国医药上的革命
He was the guy who revolutionised medicine in Britain.
他把权利从那些医生手里夺回来
He took the power from the physicians
还给了普通的民众
and gave it back to the common people.
尼古拉斯·卡尔佩珀出生在索赛克斯的一个乡下
Nicholas Culpeper grew up in the Sussex countryside here
伊斯菲尔德
in Isfield.
这条小道应该就是年少的卡尔佩珀
So, this footpath here would’ve been the exact footpath that
迈克尔·布兰科
索赛克斯野生动植物保护中心
从他祖父的教堂
the young Culpeper would have walked down
回村子时所要经过的路
from his grandfather’s church over to the village,
也正是在这里 他学到了
and it’s here he would’ve learned all about
关于英国乡下的一些花卉和植物的知识
the flowers and the plants of the English countryside.
这株可爱的植物叫柳叶菜
This lovely plant here is willowherb.
卡尔佩珀说 如果你用这个来漱口的话
Now, Culpeper says the plant is really good for a sore mouth
对治疗口疮很有帮助
if you gargle with it.
他还说这个对私密部位很有好处
He also says it’s good for secret parts.
不太确定他指的是什么
Er, not entirely sure what he’s referring to there!
这个是刺荨麻 会蜇人
Now, stinging nettles, they can hurt,
当然 上面有很多小刺
of course, they can be very stingy,
但同样也对健康非常有好处
but they’re also very good for your health.
能够治狗咬伤 蛇咬伤 坏疽 流鼻血
They can cure dog bites, snakebites, gangrene, nosebleeds,
等等一系列伤病
all sorts of things.
卡尔佩珀书里有一整页写的这个
There’s a whole page of it in Culpeper.
这边是蓍草 跟珠蓍很相似
You’ve got some yarrow here, which is similar to sneezewort,
哈利波特里面也有用到
which is used in Harry Potter.
能治疗伤口 炎症 溃疡
Heals wounds, inflammation, ulcers.
用来治牙疼也很不错
But it’s also very good for toothache.
对治疗痔疮也很有效
Oh, good for piles, as well.
这些药物当时并不为大家所知
Remedies like these weren’t known to everyone,
只有极少数精英分子知道
just an elite few.
那些有着医学院证书的医师
Those with a licence from the College of Physicians,
他们收费甚高
whose fees were extortionate.
17世纪的时候
Back in the 1600s,
医师们掌管了所有的药物
the physicians were in charge of all the medicine.
他们懂得很多医药学知识
They had all the knowledge,
全都用拉丁文写在一本厚厚的书里
all written in Latin in a big book.
不允许普通人来窥探其中的秘密
It was out of bounds to all the common people.
卡尔佩珀所做的便是 拿走了那本书
What Culpeper did was he took that book,
把它翻译成了英文
he translated it into English.
他告诉世人 他们可以自己找药
He told people they can get their own medicine
并告诉他们去哪里找
and where to go and find it.
而医生们 自然是十分愤怒
The physicians, of course, were outraged by this.
他们的秘密被泄露了
Their secrets were out.
然而 一切已经太晚了
However, it was too late.
生平第一次 人们可以
For the first time, the people,
不再依赖于医生 不再付高额的费用
instead of relying on these physicians and paying lots of money,
而是走进林子里 走进田野里
could actually go out into the hedgerows, into the fields
去寻找他们自己需要的药
and find their own cures.
他们确实这么做了
And that’s what they did.
这本书是接近四百年前出版的
The book was published almost 400 years ago
现在依然还在印刷
and it’s still in print today.
17世纪 你可以在街角的书店买♥♥到
In the 1600s, you could buy it on a street corner.
如今 网上就可以买♥♥到了
You can buy it online today.
这是除了《圣经》之外
It’s the book that’s been in print
现存出版时间最久远的书了
for the longest apart from the Bible.
卡尔佩珀的书对J·K·罗琳来说有着的特殊意义
Culpeper’s book has special significance for JK Rowling.
没错
Oh, yes.
我知道这本书
I know this book.
英国医生 卡尔佩珀 草药学
这就是《卡尔佩珀草药大全》
This is Culpeper’s Complete Herbal
我自己有两本
and I own two copies of this.
我可以碰它吗
Am I allowed to touch this?
我会非常小心的 我好紧张啊
I will be tremendously careful, I’m so scared.
快看
Oh, wow, look.
最吸引我的甚至不是植物的特性
It’s not even the properties of the plants,
而是他们对描述植物的方式
it’s just the way that they wrote about the plants
还有观察植物并把它们与行星运动相联♥系♥ 等等
and observed them and tied them to planetary movements and so on.
真是充满诗意
There’s such a poetry to it.
“没错 它肥厚 松软又温和
“Oh, yes, it is fat, unctuous and temperate.
从潮湿 菌落丛生又温暖的地方诞生”
Generated of that which is moist, aerius and moderately hot.”
我超爱
I love it.
“夜阑人静
“Midnight came and went
《哈利波特与凤♥凰♥社》 2003年出版
哈利反复读着一段
while Harry was reading and rereading a passage
关于坏血草 独活草和喷嚏草用途的文字
about the uses of scurvy-grass, lovage and sneezewort,
却一点也没读进去
and not taking in a word of it.
这些植物最易造成脑炎
These plants are most efficacious in the inflaming of the brain
多用于迷乱药中
and are therefore much used in confusing and befuddlement drafts,
致人急躁
where the wizard is desirous of producing hot-headiness
鲁莽”
and recklessness. ”
即使我从没用过他们提到的这些草药
Even when I didn’t really use what they were saying,
我依然觉得十分有趣
I found it inspirational.
我发现书中讲述植物的方式就很有趣
I found the way they talked about these plants inspirational.
真是一本伟大的书 看这段
This is a gorgeous book. Look at this.
有时我会用一些
And sometimes I would use
古老的名字来改造名字
old names to make my own names, you know?
注意他们合成词语的方式
You just look at the way that they put the words together.
海甘蓝 太美了
Sea colewort – love it.
尼古拉斯·卡尔佩珀在本书出版的十年前
Nicholas Culpeper was also accused of witchcraft
也被指控使用巫术
about ten years before he published his book.
16♥4♥2年 他被指控为一名现实中的巫师
In 16♥4♥2, he was accused of being a practising witch.
现在看来 这可能是因为
Now, this is possibly because of antagonisms
他在医学院中树了很多敌人
that he was creating with the College of Physicians,
但也可能是因为当时那些
but it’s also because I think people that are
制♥造♥草药和药水的人
mixing up herbs, creating potions,
他们总是会被人诟病
there’s always going to be those questions about them.
“在中世纪的时候
“Non-magic people,
非魔法界人士 更普遍的叫法是”麻瓜”
more commonly known as muggles,
《哈利波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》 1999年出版
是特别害怕魔法的
were particularly afraid of magic in medieval times,
但是他们并不善于识别魔法
but not very good at recognising it.
他们偶尔真的抓到男巫或女巫
On the rare occasion they did catch a real witch or wizard,
但在这种时候 焚烧并没有收到什么效果
burning had no effect whatsoever.
男巫或女巫在被焚烧时
The witch or wizard would perform
会施展一种冻结火焰的基本魔法
a basic flame freezing charm
一面享受着火焰所产生的温和的刺痒快♥感♥
and then pretend to shriek with pain
一面假装痛苦而发出尖叫
while enjoying a gentle tickling sensation.
占卜者温德林十分喜欢被焚烧
Indeed, Wendelin the Weird enjoyed being burnt so much
曾让自己在各种各样的化装形态下被人们抓住
that she allowed herself to be caught no fewer than
达47次之多”
47 times in various disguises.”
在《哈利·波特》的世界里
Witches and wizards in the Potterverse,
女巫和男巫是中性词
they are morally neutral.
你可以选择做好巫师还是坏巫师
You are as good or as bad as you decide to be.
魔法本身是没有好坏的
There’s nothing inherently wrong about performing magic,
只是一些人拥有的能力而已
it’s simply an ability that some people have.
但在历史中
Yet in history,
关于女巫的记载往往是负面的
most references to witches are resoundingly negative.
女巫和强大的黑魔法之间的联♥系♥
And the link between witches and powerful dark magic
是由一本书造就的
was forged by a book.
这是最早出版的
So this is the earliest
带有插图的关于巫术的专著
illustrated printed treatise on witchcraft.