新安吏
客行新安道，
喧呼闻点兵。
借问新安吏：
“县小更[1]无丁？”
“府帖昨夜下，
次[2]选中男行。”
“中男[3]绝短小，
何以守王城？”
肥男有母送，
瘦男独伶俜[4]。
白水暮东流，
青山犹哭声。
“莫自使眼枯，
收汝泪纵横。
眼枯即见骨，
天地终无情。
我军取相州，
日夕望其平。
岂意贼难料，
归军星散营。
就粮近故垒，
练卒依旧京。
掘壕不到水，
牧马役亦轻。
况乃王师顺，
抚养甚分明。
送行勿泣血，
仆射[5]如父兄。”
公元758年，郭子仪打败了叛军，收复了长安和洛阳，但得不到唐肃宗的信任，军粮不足，士气低落，反在邺城打了败仗。唐王朝为了补充兵力，大肆抽丁拉夫。杜甫这时经过洛阳以西的新安，耳闻目睹了这次惨败后人民所遭受的痛苦，写下了“三吏”“三别”六篇史诗。《新安吏》写的是征兵本来应该征21岁以上的壮丁，但是壮丁不足，只好抓十几岁的中男。中男抓走之后，哭声仍然在耳，仿佛连青山白水也在呜咽一样，这就是诗人移情于景了。杜甫同情壮丁，但又不能怨恨王朝。于是只好安慰壮丁说：战壕不会挖得太深，放马的劳役也不会太重，加上郭子仪将军对士兵情若父兄，所以放心去当兵吧。本诗既反映了壮丁的悲苦，又流露了诗人的用心。这就是杜甫的现实主义了。
注释：
[1]更：难道。
[2]次：依次。
[3]中男：指十八岁以上、二十三岁以下的成丁。
[4]伶俜（pīnɡ）：形容孤独。
[5]仆射：指郭子仪。
A Recruiting Sergeant at Xin’an
I pass by Xin’an on my way
And hear sergeants call roll and bray.
I ask one of this county small
If he can draft adults at all.
Last night came order for hands green,
Draft age is lowered to eighteen.
The teenagers are small and short.
How can they hold the royal fort?
Fat sons still need their mothers’ care;
Weak ones look lonely in despair.
At dusk the pale stream flows east still;
Their wails echo from hill to hill.
Don’t cry until your eyes go dry!
Let no tears crisscross your face wry!
Though to skin and bone your eyes go,
No mercy would the Heaven show.
Our force should take Xiangzhou with might,
Victory expected day and night.
But rebels not easy to beat
Counter-attack, our troops retreat.
We’ve grain enough in our stronghold,
And training camp near capital old.
To dig deep trench you do not need;
It is not hard to tend the steed.
The royal force has at its head
General Guo by whom you’re well fed.
Don’t shed at parting bloody tears!
The general treats you as compeers.
《新安吏》是唐代大诗人杜甫的诗作，为组诗“三吏三别”之一。此诗反映了作者对统治者尽快平息叛乱、实现王朝中兴的期望，与《石壕吏》《潼关吏》统称“三吏”。全诗可分两个层次：前十二句记述了军队抓丁和骨肉分离的场面，揭示了安史之乱给人民带来的痛苦；后十六句笔锋一转，对百姓进行开导和劝慰。结构清晰完整，语言简捷有力。
“A Recruiting Sergeant at Xin’an” is a poem by Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, and is one of a group of poems called “Three Officials and Three Bids”. The poem reflects the author’s expectation that the ruler will soon quell the rebellion and realize the dynasty’s rejuvenation, and is collectively known as the “Three Officials” along with “Shi Trench Official” and “Tong Guan Official”. The poem can be divided into two levels: the first twelve lines describe the scene of the army’s arrest and the separation of flesh and blood, revealing the suffering of the people caused by the An-Shi Rebellion; the second sixteen lines turn to enlighten and console the people. The structure is clear and complete, and the language is simple and powerful.
