扯蛋莎翁史（2016）

因为你会失去手指触碰的敏感度
because you lose the sensitivity in your fingers
而且当你带上手套时
and you’re more likely to
你更有可能毁坏它而不是保护它
damage the book by wearing gloves than not.
我已经戴上了 – 如果你洗干净手了
Well, they’re here now. – If you’ve got clean hands,
摘掉手套 我们根本不用它
take the gloves off, we don’t need them at all.
我都带来了 所以
Well, I’ve brought them, so…
十分感谢你带来了手套 可我们用不上手套
It’s very good of you to bring them, but we don’t need them
而且我们不可能允许你
and we can’t let you turn
戴着手套翻阅本书
the pages of the book if you’ve got them on.
西蒙·沙玛就带了手套
Simon Schama gets to wear gloves.
但他在这儿没有戴
Well, he doesn’t wear them here.
为什么不戴
Why not?
因为当我们接触书和文档时
Because when we’re handling books and documents
我们根本就不需要手套
we don’t need to wear gloves, at all.
所以普通的书和对开本有什么区别
So what’s the difference between a book and a folio?
对开本是特指这本书里的那些纸张
A folio’s the name that’s given to the paper that’s in the book.
它们曾经被折叠过一次
It implies it’s been folded once,
这就是对开本名字的由来
which is where the name folio comes from.
所以 我们干嘛不直接就叫它书呢
So, why don’t we just call it a book?
我们可以叫它书 一点问题都没有 – 好的
We can call it a book. That’s absolutely fine. – OK.
当你看到书中有一个单词
You know when you read a word in a book
然后你会听到你脑中回荡着这个单词 – 是的
and you sort of hear that word in your head? – Mm-hm.
他们是怎么做到将声音
How did they get the sounds
填入墨水里 并最终在你脑子里回荡
into the ink to make it play in your head?
他们所做的
Well, what they’re doing
只是写下了所有的单词
is they’ve got all the words written down
拼写清楚 然后他们
and spelled out and they
把那些字母放进印刷流程
put those letters into the printing process
最终被印在纸上
and then print them on the page.
然后当你读到他们时
And then it’s as you’re reading it,
你自己就会在脑中播放那些单词
you’re making the sounds in your head.
你感觉它们在和你交流 对吧
And you can hear them talking, can’t you?
是的 因为你知道这些词的意思以及他们的读音
Yeah, because you know what the words mean and how they sound,
如果你想 你完全可以回放给你自己听
you can then play it back to yourself, if you like.
这些戏剧就像电脑程序语言
Are these plays like computer code
然后那些演员就像电脑游戏里的角色一样
and the actors like characters in a computer game?
我觉得你可以这样想
I suppose that’s one way of looking at it.
这些单词就是台词
The words are the lines
所以演员才能知道他们要说什么
so they’re telling the actors what they need to say
然后你会看到舞台导演告诉他们去做什么
and then you’ll find stage directions telling them what to do.
所以某种程度上 他们就像一套基础设施
So, in a way, they’re like a set of instructions.
所以某种意义上 莎士比亚写了个电脑游戏
So, in a way, Shakespeare invented computer games?
我不觉得他会这样去想
I don’t think he’d have seen it like
而且这也不怎么符合事实
that and that’s not quite the case with what it is,
但你可以在两者间进行对照或类比
but you can make a comparison or an analogy between the two.
所以说 他发明了电脑游戏
So, he invented computer games.
不 不 没这回事
No, not really, no.
太惊人了
That’s amazing.
莎士比亚的大部分剧作
‘Most of Shakespeare’s plays
都是关于实际存在过的人物 例如国王
‘are about stuff that actually happened, like kings.’
又或者是可能存在过的 比方说跟鬼魂对话的王子
Or could happen, like a prince talking to a ghost.
而他的某些剧作则更加神奇 它们被称作奇幻剧
But some of his plays are more magical. They’re fantasies.
<暴风雨>的故事是关于一艘刚开始就发生的沉船
‘The Tempest is about this shipwreck, which happens at the beginning,
而非像泰坦尼克号♥那样发生在最后
not at the end like Titanic,’
这样的做法实属大胆
which is a brave move.
幸存者们被困在一座小岛上 岛上有个男巫
‘The survivors get stuck on this island where this wizard lives
跟他的女儿和怪物们生活在一起
‘with his daughter and these monsters.’
<暴风雨>的精彩之处在于
What’s interesting about The Tempest
一般来说 莎士比亚故事的情节基本都是合情合理的
is that usually Shakespeare’s stories sort of make sense,
即使所有对话都晦涩难懂
even though all the talking’s in gibberish.
可到了<暴风雨> 这故事根本就讲不通
But in The Tempest, the story doesn’t make sense either.
你们是三个有罪的人
You are three men of sin, whom Destiny,
操纵着下界一切的天命
That hath to instrument this lower world
使得那贪馋的怒海
And what is in’t, the never- surfeited sea
重又把你们吐了出来
Hath caused to belch up you.
这就像莎士比亚公式
It’s like Shakespeare squared,
这可能就是为什么莎士比亚的核心拥护者会喜欢这部的原因
which is probably why hardcore Shakespeare fans like it,
因为这样才能体现出他们理解这部作品 当然他们也没看懂
because it shows they understand it, which they can’t.
莎士比亚的写作方法
‘The way Shakespeare’s written
让你很难认真地去思考他的作品
makes it hard to wrap your head around,
这就是为什么学校
‘which is why it’s taught in school
在学生的头脑最灵活的时候教授这些作品
when your brain’s at its bendiest,
由就像这位先生一样的人来教导
‘by people like this man,
来自电视剧<约克郡教育>里的虚构英语教师
‘the fictional English teacher from TV drama Educating Yorkshire.’
当你教一个孩子学习莎士比亚
When you teach a kid Shakespeare,
他们的头是不是真的变大了
do their heads grow physically bigger?
不 没有
No. They don’t, no.
五谱阴阳格是什么意思
How does iambic pente-meter work?
我觉得你说的是五步抑扬格吧
I think you’re talking about iambic pentameter,
它的意思就是 – 五音步 抑扬格
which is the way that, kind of. – Iambic penta-meter.
五步格诗 – 对 五步诗歌♥
Pentameter, – yeah. Penta-meter.
呃 是五步格诗
Well, pentameter, so…
一行诗歌♥里有十个音节
It would be a line of prose that would have ten syllables
含有五个特定重音
with five particular stresses on.
不是五步诗歌♥ – 不是五步诗歌♥
Not Pente-meter? No, not pente-meter.
它叫做五步格诗 – 行吧
No, it’s pentameter. – Right.
有人教我这么说 我被误导了 算了
Someone told me… I was misinformed, it’s fine.
谁教你的
Who told you?
看到他了吗 – 好吧
See him, over there? – Oh, right.
不对 是五步格诗 对对 五步抑扬格
Erm… No, it’s pentameter, yeah. Iambic pentameter.
再确认一下
Just to clarify.
我在想 是不是所有莎士比亚的著作都适合教授给孩子
I wonder if all of Shakespeare’s plays are suitable for kids.
因为有一部是关于挤奶女工的 对吧
Because there’s that one about the dairymaid, isn’t there,
用特殊的挤奶泵的那位
with the special pump.
我想那不是莎士比亚著作里的吧
I’m not aware that that’s a Shakespeare play.
她在农场上工作 有一个特殊的泵
She works on a farm. She’s got a special pump.
那肯定不是莎士比亚的著作 肯定不是
No, I don’t think that’s a Shakespeare play, at all.
对的 听着一点都不像是莎士比亚的作品
No, it doesn’t sound very much like a Shakespeare play, at all.
真恶心
It’s disgusting.
莎士比亚曾经说过 “每个人都会时来运转”
‘Shakespeare once said, “Every dog will have his day.”
对于他自己的剧院和众多戏剧来说
‘and with his own theatre and lots of plays,
他的确是时来运转了
‘he was certainly having his.
可不久如日中天就转为了黑夜 漫漫黑夜
‘But soon that day would turn to night. A long, dark night.
就像芬兰的夜晚
‘Like in Finland.’
1596年 莎士比亚的儿子哈姆尼特离开了尘世
In 1596, Shakespeare’s son Hamnet shuffled off this mortal coil,
就这么死了
then he died.
几年之后 莎士比亚的父亲约翰撒手人寰
And a few years later, his father John kicked the bucket
也死了
and also died.
随着莎士比亚的人生日渐悲哀 他的戏剧也同样如此
As Shakespeare’s life went sad, so did his plays.
假如你问 莎士比亚写的哪种戏剧最出色
If you were asked to pick what Shakespeare did best,
大部分人会说是悲剧
most people would say tragedy,
这是他与跳跳舞乐队为数不多的相似之处
which is one of the few things he has in common with Steps.
莎士比亚的悲剧
‘Shakespeare’s tragedy
是他所有的戏剧里最常被搬上舞台的
plays are the most performed of all his works.
其中又以<哈姆雷特>居首 尤其是那个关于蜜蜂的句子
None more so than Hamlet, with its famous speech about bees.
生存 还是毁灭
To be, or not to be:
这是一个值得考虑的问题
that is the question.
默然忍♥受命运的暴虐的毒箭
Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to
或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难
suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
通过斗争把它们扫清
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
这两种行为 哪一种更高贵
And by opposing end them?
死了 睡着了 什么都完了
to die, to sleep, no more.
要是在这一种睡眠之中 我们心头的创痛
And by a sleep to say we end the heart-ache
以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击 都可以从此消失
and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to,
那正是我们求之不得的结局
’tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish’d.
死了 睡着了
To die, to sleep.
睡着了也许还会做梦 嗯 阻碍就在这儿
perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub.
因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
在那死的睡眠里 究竟将要做些什么梦
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑
Must give us pause.