扯蛋莎翁史（2016）

比如 他早期的作品 <泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯>
For instance, his early work Titus Andronicus
充斥着暴♥力♥和谋杀
is so jam-packed with violence and murder,
基本是一部高雅的<十三号♥星期五>
it’s basically a posh Friday the 13th.
这里我们能看到泰特斯
Here we see Titus himself
他割断了敌人之子的咽喉
slitting the throats of his enemy’s sons,
而他的女儿在接着他们的血
while his daughter collects their blood.
这一切发生在恐惧的哈利波特面前
All of it occurring in front of a horrified Harry Potter.
这样可怕的场景即使在莎士比亚时期
Graphic scenes like this were considered shocking
也被认为是惊悚的
even in Shakespeare’s day,
这得是多大的成功啊
which is quite an achievement
要知道当年的人可都是直接往窗外拉屎的
considering people used to shit out of their own windows back then.
但是往窗外拉屎并不有趣
But shitting out the window wasn’t all fun.
这助长了老鼠的滋生
It encouraged rats,
它们身上携带着叫生化鼠疫的毁灭性疾病
who carried a devastating illness called the bionic plague.
这种瘟疫使伦敦一万多人丧生
The plague killed about 10,000 people in London
当瘟疫风波过去后
and when they’d finished coughing,
幸存者需要振奋精神
the survivors needed cheering up.
幸运的是 莎士比亚刚创造了新戏剧形式
And luckily, Shakespeare had just invented a new type of play
叫作喜剧
called a comedy.
莎士比亚几部最成功的戏剧就是喜剧
Some of Shakespeare’s most successful plays were comedies.
评论家们说他的喜剧不引人发笑
Critics say his comedies aren’t very funny,
但是公正地讲这只是因为
but to be fair that’s only because
笑话在那个时候还没有被创造出来
jokes hadn’t been invented back then.
当然 如果你今天再去看一部莎士比亚的喜剧
Of course, if you go to watch a Shakespeare comedy today,
你会听到观众的笑声
you’ll hear the audience laughing
就好像听到了笑话一样
as though there are jokes in it,
即使里面根本没有笑话
even though there definitely aren’t.
这正是莎士比亚的聪明之处
That’s how clever Shakespeare is.
即使还只是在他早期职业生涯里
Even at this early stage of his career,
莎士比亚都毫无疑问是最优秀的戏剧家
there was no doubt Shakespeare was the best at writing plays.
可真的当他得自己组织剧团来演戏的时候
But there was enough doubt that he had to start his own theatre company
对他的质疑可不少
to put them on.
他拿其他的戏院的破砖烂瓦
He also built the Globe Theatre
建起了一个环球剧院
from old bits of another theatre,
他发明了”升级再造”这个词
inventing upcycling,
他可能也创造了”升级”这个词
and he probably made the word up as well.
比起建筑家来说 他更擅长做剧作家
He was a better playwright than he was an architect.
这就是他没加屋顶的原因
That’s why he didn’t put a roof on it.
但是 公平地讲
But, to be fair,
温布尔登网球场也是几年前才建造了屋顶
Wimbledon didn’t get a roof until a few years ago.
如果你没在环球剧院看过莎士比亚
If you’ve never seen Shakespeare at The Globe,
想象一下在户外看三小时的YouTube片段
imagine a three-hour YouTube clip happening outdoors,
屏幕距离你很远 语言你几乎都不明白
a long way from you in a language you barely understand.
如果连我都觉得这令人不解
And if I find it confusing,
那么对于莎士比亚第一批观众
it must have blown the minds off
那些比树木稍微多点见识的人来说
some of Shakespeare’s first audiences, who were
这绝对是大开眼界
only slightly more sophisticated than trees.
这里可能会有一些拥挤
They might have been thick,
但是莎士比亚的观众有很多乐趣
but Shakespeare’s audiences had loads of fun,
他们对着演员们起哄
heckling the actors and
不雅的发出咯咯笑声
cackling a lot in a sort of mad peasanty way.
就像这样
Like that.
还有这样
And that.
为了了解更多莎士比亚烦人的观众们
To tell me more about Shakespeare’s disgusting audiences,
我跟这一位谈了谈
I spoke to this man.
你是谁 做什么的
Who are you and what’s your game?
我叫Iqbal Khan 是个戏剧导演
I’m Iqbal Khan and I’m a theatre director.
莎士比亚时期的剧院是什么样子的
What was theatre like in Shakespeare’s day?
真的是是所有的观众都吵嚷着吗
Were all the audiences really rowdy then, you know?
他们会穿着束腰外衣在脸上抹泥吗
Did they wear tunics and have mud on their faces?
观众来自不同阶层 有普通的工人阶级
The audiences ranged from the ordinary common working people,
就直接站在舞台边缘
who’d stand around the theatre here
然后也有王公贵族前来
and then they’d range to the aristocrats,
他们会坐在剧院的最顶层
who would sit at the top of the theatre.
好吧 一部分人需要站着 他们没有椅子坐
Right, so some of them had to stand up. They didn’t have chairs.
对 对 他们得站着
No. No, they’d be standing.
我从没站着看一整场莎士比亚戏剧
I’ve never had to stand for a whole Shakespeare.
我觉得我做不到
I don’t think I could do it.
如果没有椅子坐 我会很生气
I’d be livid if I didn’t have a chair.
我认为观众们都很享受 尤其是现在
I think audiences quite enjoy it. Particularly now…
我觉得他们不喜欢站着 不是吗
I don’t think they do enjoy standing, do they?
事实上他们还挺喜欢站着看剧的经历
They actually enjoy the experience of standing.
谁告诉你的
Who’s told you that?
呃
Erm…
莎翁的作品现在依然在上演
Shakespeare’s works are still performed now
不仅在剧院里
and not just in theatres.
莎士比亚的戏剧
There are countless different ways
被以万种千样的方式来诠释
of interpreting Shakespeare’s plays.
有木制家具还有胡须和剑都得体还原的
There’s properly with all wooden furniture and beards and swords
人们打扮得有些像两腿族选美的
and people dressed up as sort of two-legged pageants.
又或者剧情被放到现代上演
Or there’s modern where
可里面的人穿着当下的衣服
they speak in Shakespearean gobbledegook
说的却是莎士比亚那冗长难懂的词句
while dressed in contemporary clothing
这有点像罗素·布兰德
a bit like Russell Brand.
你们这些违法乱纪的流氓
You decentious rogues,
凭着你们那些龌龊有毒的意见
That rubbing the poor itch of your opinion,
使你们成为了社会上的疥癣
Make yourselves scabs?
这里有一些典型的先锋派作品
And there’s startlingly avant garde productions,
它们看起来和听起来就像这个
which look and sound like this.
喂 精灵 你要漂流到那里去
How now, spirit! Whither wander you?
越过了谿谷和山陵 穿过了荆棘和丛薮
Over hill, over dale, Thorough bush, thorough brier,
越过了围场和园庭
Over park, over pale,
穿过了激流和爝火 我在各地漂游流浪
Thorough flood, thorough fire, I do wander everywhere.
难以置信的是 时至今日
‘Incredibly, even today
人们还是会去看这种玩意儿
‘people actually go to see this sort of thing,’
即使它毫无可看的价值
despite it being completely fucking unwatchable.
尖叫和欢呼
Shrieks and yells
你再开口啊 你逃走了 你这懦夫
Speak again, thou run away, thou coward.
当今世界 到底什么样的人会去看莎士比亚
What sort of people come to see Shakespeare today?
会是那些戴眼镜的人么
Is it mainly people who wear glasses?
额
Um…
额 我确信会有
Yeah, I’m sure there are
一些戴眼镜的人去看剧
a few people that wear glasses that come to see it.
我觉得各种人都有可能去看
Yeah, I think all kinds of people come to see it.
但是很多是近视眼
But a lot of short-sighted people.
可能吧 也许不是很多 – 嗯 很多吧
Possibly? Not a lot though… – Yeah, loads!
肯定很多 我举目四望
Loads, I was looking around.
差不多80%的观众戴着眼镜 – 我很怀疑这点
Right, 80% of the audience were wearing glasses. – I doubt that.
你是觉得我是个骗子么
Are you saying I’m a liar?
不 我只是说我怀疑
No, I just said I doubt
80%的观众会戴着眼镜
that 80% of the audience were wearing glasses.
我觉得他们就是啊
I think they were.
好吧
Right.
可能你在舞台前还需要一副巨大的聚焦眼镜
Maybe you need like a big bifocal lens in front of the stage.
“把你眼镜放家里吧 来剧院吧”
“Leave your glasses at home, come to the theatre.”
那些没有近视的人怎么办呢
What about those people that aren’t short-sighted?
你可能需要一副不同的眼镜了吧
Oh, yeah, you’d need different lenses, don’t you.
莎士比亚流行至今 似乎从未离去
Shakespeare’s just as popular today as he’s always been.
甚至有家以他命名的皇家莎士比亚剧团
There’s even a Royal Shakespeare Company named after him,
这家公♥司♥仍坚持放映他的剧目
who insist on putting on his shows
无论人们想不想看
whether people want them or not.
莎士比亚有什么值得他们费心费力呢
What is it about Shakespeare that makes them bother?
可能是因为他描绘了市井小民的需求
‘Perhaps it’s because he wrote about universal human needs,
比如想着谋杀国王 或者来段风流韵事
‘like wanting to murder a king, or have a romance.’
我们并不是很了解
We don’t know much about
过去人们是如何相爱和相处的
how love and romance worked in olden times,
因为那个时候人们不会
because back then people didn’t
写博客记录他们日常寻爱糗事
write blogs about their dating misadventures.
但是莎士比亚为我们留下了<罗密欧与朱丽叶>的故事
But thanks to Shakespeare, what we do have is Romeo and Juliet,
展现了<辣身舞>上映前 最美好的爱情故事
easily the finest romance of the pre-Dirty Dancing era.