扯蛋莎翁史（2016）

四百年前 举世闻名的戏剧家
400 years ago, this year, the world famous play-writer
威廉莎士比亚与世长辞
William Shakespeare stopped happening.
我从被点名做这个节目那天起就开始学习莎士比亚
I’ve been studying Shakespeare ever since I was asked to do this programme
结果发现他不仅只是一个会拿羽毛笔写作的秃头
and it turns out he’s more than just a bald man who could write with feathers.
而他到底写作质量怎么样的这个故事
And the story of whether he was best at writing ever
会比你想象中的更为有趣
is more interesting than you’d imagine.’
我们为什么还在谈论莎士比亚
But why do we still talk about Shakespeare?
而不再谈论莱斯·丹尼斯
We don’t talk about Les Dennis any more,
即使他还活着并且没做错过什么
even though he’s still alive and hasn’t done anything wrong.
莎士比亚除了写点
Did Shakespeare write
与充满约炮软件和佩佩薯条的现代世界无关的
nothing but boring gibberish with no relevance
无聊疯话以外还写了什么
to our modern world of Tinder and Peri-Peri Fries?
或者他也就只是看起来听起来感受起来是这个样子呢
Or does it just look, sound and feel that way?
为此我将踏上一段旅途去寻找
That’s what I’m going on a journey to find out.
一切
About.
这一路 我会探索莎士比亚的一生
Along the way, I’ll probe Shakespeare’s life,
研究他已完成的作品
study his Complete Works
并与莎学家和演员交谈
and speak to Shakespearian experts and actors.
你们是只研究著名片段吗
Do you just learn the famous bits,
就像”生存还是毁灭”这种
like “To be or not to be?”
还是你们也研究这其中所有的部分
Or do you learn all the bits in-between, as well?
我得读这其中所有的片段
I have to learn all the bits in between.
你特么一定在开玩笑
Are you fucking joking?
不 不 不
No, no, no.
我是说 这是挺多也费点时间 但 – 闭嘴吧
I mean, it’s big and it takes a bit of time, but… – Shut up.
那就跟着我 Philomena Cunk的脚步
So join me, Philomena Cunk,
这趟旅程我会用尽办法
as I go on a journey all the way
去了解威廉·巴塞洛缪·莎士比亚
into William Bartholomew Shakespeare,
这个被称为吟游诗人之王的人
the man they call The King of the Bards.
在埃文河畔的斯特拉特福深处
Deep below Stratford on Avon,
亨利街上一个神秘的地点
in a secret location on Henley Street,
坐落着一座莎士比亚文献的宝库
is a treasure trove of Shakespearean proportions.
它看起来年代太久远了
That looks really old.
的确 这本书是16世纪开始编纂的
It is. So, this book dates from 1600
其中的记载可以追溯到1558年 – 嗯
and it has the records that go back to 1558. – Yeah.
这正面写着 埃文河畔斯特拉福特
It’s sort of written on the front “Stratford-upon-Avon.
这有点斜 是吗
It’s a bit wonky, in’t it?
像他们那个年代没有直尺 对吧
Like a… Suppose they didn’t have rulers, did they?
这是本非常老的书 是兽皮做的
It’s a very old book that’s made from animal skin
我要用这个来做镇纸
and then I’ll just use the weights to keep…
这有点像蜡质的A4纸
It’s sort of like waxy A4 paper, in’t it?
是有点蜡色 对 这是 是 呃
It is a little bit waxy, yeah. That’s the, the, erm…
是动物的脂液 – 分泌出来 是的
That’s the juices of the animal… – Coming out, yeah.
这就是记载着莎士比亚
And this is the page where
受洗记录的那一页
we have Shakespeare’s baptism recorded.
铭文是用拉丁文写的 – 这是什么意思
And it’s written in Latin, the inscription… – What does that say?
这是约翰·莎士比亚之子威廉的受洗记录
This baptism record is for William, the son of John Shakespeare.
这有点像<你以为你是谁> 是不是
This is a bit like Who Do You Think You Are?, isn’t it?
某种程度上是有点像
It is in a way, yeah. It is.
如果你要追溯你的家族史
You know, if you’re tracing your family history,
这些记录会告诉你
these are the records that will give you
你需要的信息
the information you need.
但是莎翁没准会把题目改成 <阁下自认为何人>
But he’d, sort of, call it, Who Dost Thou Thinkest Thou Art?
他也许会这么说 – 然后他会这样
He might, yes. – And he’d go like that.
是的 他会做得很好 – 华丽
He may well have done, yes. – Flourish.
这就是莎士比亚出生的那栋房♥子
This is the actual house in which Shakespeare was born,
就在这儿 在我们的地球上
here, on our Planet Earth.
莎士比亚小时候并没有表现出
As a baby, Shakespeare showed few signs of becoming
他将来会成为文学巨匠的迹象
the most significant figure in literary history,
所以没人记载他生活的细节
so nobody bothered noting down the details of his life.
这就是为什么我们不清楚他的生日
That’s why we can’t be sure about his date of birth
也不知道他童年的任何往事
and don’t know anything about his childhood,
不过他肯定经历了童年
except that he probably had one,
不然他永远不会长大成人
otherwise he’d never have become a grown-up.
事实可能是朦胧的
The facts may be hazy,
但我们能猜到莎士比亚小时候
but we can probably guess that Shakespeare as a boy
肯定就跟现在的小男孩看起来差不多
would have looked much like boys today,
只不过秃顶 戴着襞襟 而不是穿愤怒的小鸟T恤
but bald and with a ruff instead of an Angry Birds T-shirt.
这就是莎士比亚可能去过的那所学校
This is the actual school he probably went to.
莎士比亚那个年代的学校
School in Shakespeare’s day and age
和我们现在的有很大差异
was vastly different to our own.
事实上 那时候上学轻松多了
In fact, it was far easier
因为你不用学莎士比亚
because you didn’t have to study Shakespeare.
在莎士比亚十八岁的时候
At the age of 18,
他娶了他的青梅竹马安妮·哈瑟维
Shakespeare married his teenage sweetheart Anne Hathaway.
但又是何时开始莎士比亚不再与妻子到处闲逛
But when did Shakespeare stop mooning about with his wife
而开始写戏剧的呢
and start doing plays?
我们不得而知
We don’t exactly know,
因为接下来的岁月毫无与莎士比亚相关的记载
because what happened next were Shakespeare’s lost years.
我们不知道这段时间发生了什么
We don’t know what happened during the lost years.
莎士比亚可能花了很多时间
Shakespeare probably spent a lot of his time
深沉地凝视着窗外并假装在思考
staring wistfully out of leaded windows and pretending to think,
然后拿起羽毛笔写些东西
and then write things down with a feather pen.
但我们知道的是他最终搬到了伦敦
But we do know he eventually came to London,
就像他笔下最有名的角色迪克·惠廷顿一样
just like his most famous character, Dick Whittington.
随即顷刻之间 他开始在舞台界兴风作浪
Almost immediately, he began to make waves in the world of theatre
如今令人难以置信的是
It’s hard to believe today,
当时人们真的会特意去戏院
but back then people really did go to the theatre on purpose.
看一场他们称之为”戏剧”的表演
And they went to see something called “Plays”.
在戏剧中 剧情就发生在你面前 人物场景都是实际大小
In plays, things happen in front of you, but at actual size.
不像电视 都是缩小的画面
Unlike television, which is smaller,
也不像电影院 都放大了一些
or cinema, which is bigger.
你可能会想 这会使得戏剧
You’d think that would make plays
成为现存娱乐方式中最现实的一种
the most realistic form of entertainment in existence,
但其实它们与现实生活无半分相像
but instead they’re nothing like real life, at all.
这是因为每个人都在呼喊
And that’s because everyone shouts.
“请你念这段剧词的时候 要照我刚才读给你的那样子”
“Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you,”
“打舌头上很轻快地吐出来”
“trippingly on the tongue.”
不是斯文的呼喊 更像是没赶上公交车
Not proper shouting, like when a bus won’t let you on,
或是因为情绪不好发出的叫喊
or shouting because of an emotion.
在戏剧中 无论演员们情绪怎样都要喊
In plays, people shout no matter how they’re feeling,
因为他们把观众的座位放得太远了
because they put the seats too far away.
有很多戏剧都是在古代写出来的
There were many plays written in ancient times,
但莎士比亚写的戏剧经久不衰
but the plays Shakespeare wrote echoed through the ages
不仅仅是因为它们被喊出来的
and not just because they were shouted
更是因为这些戏剧都很优秀
but because they were good.
“现在我们严冬般的宿怨”
“Now is the winter of our discontent”
“已给这颗约克的红日照耀成为融融的夏景”
“made glorious summer by this sun of York.”
“我们 是少数几个人”
“We few,”
“幸运的少数几个人”
“we happy few,”
“我们 是一支兄弟的队伍”
“we band of brothers.”
“生存还是毁灭”
“To be, or not to be”
“这是一个值得考虑的问题”
“That is the question”
莎士比亚创造了七种不同的戏剧体裁
Shakespeare actually invented seven different genres of play:
悲剧
tragedy,
奇幻剧
fantasy,
传奇剧
romance,
喜剧
comedy,
恐怖剧
horror
和历史剧
and historical.
还有莎士比亚戏剧
And Shakespearean.
通过这次节目
Throughout this programme,
我将依次介绍每种类型的戏剧
I’m going to be taking a look at each genre in turn,
按着他们要求的某种格式来做
in a sort of format point thing they’re making me do.
我们先从恐怖剧开始
We’ll start with horror.
莎士比亚时期受欢迎的娱乐通常都无法直视
Popular entertainment in Shakespeare’s day was often unpleasant,
会有当众羞辱和对伤害动物的残忍♥手段
involving public humiliation and mindless cruelty to animals,
连Ant & Dec都舒缓不来那份崩溃
with no Ant and Dec to take the edge off it all.
莎士比亚最可怕的几部戏剧
This brutality was reflected in some of
揭示出了这种残酷
Shakespeare’s most horriblest plays.