可洛登战役（1964）

Wednesday, April 16th 1746.
1746年四月16日，星期三。
This is the advance battalion
这支行进的队伍是
of an English Government army of 9,000 men.
一支人数九千的英国政♥府♥军。
Their objective: Culloden Moor,
他们的目标是，卡洛登沼泽，
four and a half miles southeast of the Highland town of Inverness.
它位于距离高地小镇-音弗尼斯4英里半的地方。
Their purpose: the destruction of the Highland Jacobite army of rebellion,
他们的意图是：摧毁高地的詹姆斯二世党人的叛军，
a tired, ill-administered force of less than 5,000 men
一支疲惫的，军纪不整的不到5000人的队伍，
who wait just beyond the top of this ridge.
他们就在山脊的那边集结。
Sir Thomas Sheridan,Jacobite military secretary.
托马斯.谢里丹爵士，詹姆斯二世党人的战争大臣。
Suffering advanced debility and loss of memory.
正承受着衰老的虚弱和记忆力减退的痛苦，
Former military engagement 56 years ago.
他已历经56年的戎马生涯。
Sir John MacDonald,Jacobite captain of cavalry.
约翰.麦克唐纳爵士，詹姆斯二世党人的骑兵指挥官。
Aged, frequently intoxicated,
高龄而且经常酗酒，
“described as ” a man of the most limited capacities.“
他被称为“能力最有限的人”。
John William O’Sullivan,Jacobite quartermaster general.
约翰.威廉.奥沙利文，詹姆斯二世党人的军需官。
“Described as ” an Irishman whose vanity is superseded
被称为“虚荣心胜过智慧的”
only by his lack of wisdom.”
“爱尔兰人。”
Prince Charles Edward Stuart,Jacobite commander in chief.
查尔斯.爱德华.斯图尔特王子，詹姆斯二世党人的领袖。
Former military experience:10 days at a siege at the age of 13.
早先的军事生涯就是：在13岁时，被围困过十天。
You must understand, without putting too fine a point on it,
你要知道的就是，恕我直言，
that the army here is in a total shambles.
这支军队简直就是一盘散沙。
I’ve got half my company missing.
我的连队的一半的人都不见了。
I just can’t find them.They’ve gone off somewhere to sleep.
我就是找不到他们。他们可能到什么地方去睡觉了。
Your Royal Highness,
尊敬的殿下，
why exactly are Mr Sheridan,Sir John MacDonald and Mr O’Sullivan
为什么恰恰是谢里丹先生，约翰·麦克唐纳爵士和奥沙利文先生
handling the administration of your army?
掌管你的军队?
Because I chose them.
因为我选择了他们。
I consider those gentlemen to be utterly trustworthy and competent.
我认为这些先生是完全值得信赖和能干的。
The first thing my men will find when they do awake
我的人醒来后第一件事就是，
is the enemy on them,cutting their throats.
敌人正在割开他们的喉咙。
卡洛登之战
由于这是发生在不列颠，处理最不当、最残酷的战争之一。
由于这是对其悲惨后果的记录
由于这是当事人的记录。
由于这是关于男人，女人和孩子们因此而遭受苦难的记录
James MacDonald, taxman.
詹姆斯.麦克唐纳，收税官。
Senior officer in a ruthless clan system,
他是一个残忍♥高地氏族的高级官员，
who’s brought with him on to the moor
他把他控制的土地上的人，
men whose land he controls.
都带到了沼泽地里。
Alistair McVurrich,subtenant of a taxman.
阿利斯泰尔·麦克韦里奇，一个收税官的转租人。
Owns one eighth of an acre of soggy ground and two cows.
拥有八分之一英亩水浇土地和两头牛。
Alan MacColl,subtenant of a subtenant.
艾伦·麦科尔，一个转租人的转租人。
Owns half-share in a small potato patch measuring 30 feet.
拥有一块30英尺长的土豆地的一半股份。
Angus MacDonald,servant of a subtenant.
安格斯·麦克唐纳，一个佃户的仆人。
He owns nothing.
他一无所有。
Lowest in the clan structure,he is called a “cotter.“
他在高地氏族结构中地位最低，被称为佃农。
This man is totally dependent on the men above him in the clan system.
在氏族体系中，这个人完全依赖于他的上级。
They, in their tum, on the taxman.
凌驾在他们之上的是，收税官。
They, in their tum, on this one man,
而他们要回馈这个人，
the man who has brought them all onto the moor.
正是这个人把他们带到了沼泽地来。
Alexander MacDonald,called, in Gaelic, MacDhomhnuill,
亚历山大·麦克唐纳，盖尔语叫“麦克多姆纽尔”，
chief of the MacDonald’s of Keppoch.
卡朴的麦克唐纳家族的首领。
The owner of all his tenants’ land,
他才是这些租户土地的真正拥有者，
the rent he has charged them is to fight with him as clan warriors
只要他一声令下，所有承租他土地的各级租户
whenever he decrees.
都要出征打仗。
This is the system of the Highland clan: human rent.
这就是高地氏族的制度:人力地租。
I hold my land from MacCruachan,as my father did,
我像我爹一样，从老麦克家承租了土地，
by bringing him 20 fighting men from amongst my tenants.
这样，我就要从我的佃户中抽20人充当战士。
These I have brought.
所以我就带人来了。
To this man, who is rent,today’s battle is a matter of honour.
而对于这个租户来说，今天的战斗就是为荣誉而战。
I fight today because it is an honour
我今天是为荣誉而战的，
to be with my chief, MacDhomhnuill,
为了我的头领，麦克多姆纽尔，
and because my father fought beside his father.
因为我的父亲和他的父亲曾经并肩作战。
To this man, who is rent,the battle is a matter of revenge.
对这个人来说，这场战斗是复仇。
I fight first for MacDhomhnuill,then for Charlie.
我首先是为了麦克多姆纽尔而战，接下来才是为了查理王子。
Then because the Campbells,who did steal my cows,
那是因为坎贝尔家族，他们的人偷了我的牛，
are with the enemy.
他们还和敌人站在一起。
I have also raised over 100 men from Rannoch.
我还从兰诺克招募了一百多人。
Some were unwilling.With these, I used force.
一些人不愿意。对于这些人，我使用了强迫。
Alistair McVurrich, told by his taxman that if he did not fight
阿利斯泰尔·麦克韦里希，他的收税官告诉他，如果他不战斗，
he would have his cattle taken and his roof burnt.
他的牛就会被抓走，他的房♥屋就会被烧毁。
This is the system of the clan,
这就是氏族制度，
a system that has brought on to the moor over 4,000 men,
这个制度给这片沼泽地带来了四千多人，
men from Argyll and Inverness,from Moidart, Appin and the isles,
他们来自阿盖尔和因弗内斯，来自莫伊达特，阿平和其他岛屿，
Catholics, Episcopalians,Presbyterians,
天主教♥徒♥，圣公会教♥徒♥，长老会教♥徒♥，
the MacDonalds, the MacLeans,the Chisholms, the Camerons,
麦克唐纳，麦克林，奇泽姆，卡梅伦，
the Farquharsons, the Frasers,men of 14 major Highland clans.
法夸尔森，弗雷泽，来自高地14个主要氏族。
Men like this.Donald Cameron of Loch Eil,
就是这个人。艾尔湖的唐纳德·卡梅隆，
chief of the powerful clan Cameron,
强大的卡梅隆家族的首领，
fearing for the survival of the ancient and ruthless society
始终在担心，他所属的古老而无情的社群
to which he belongs.
的生存问题。
Because he is here on the moor,most of the other chiefs are here.
由于他在这片沼地里，所以大多数的氏族首领都来了。
Because he is here, Keppoch is here.
由于他在这里，所以卡朴人也都来了。
Because I feel that the Act of Union with England
因为我觉得与英格兰的联合法案
is a betrayal.
是一种背叛。
Because Prince Charles is a Catholic and I am a Catholic.
因为查尔斯王子是一名天主教♥徒♥，而我也是天主教♥徒♥。
And the king in London is a Protestant.
而那位在伦敦的国王却是新教教♥徒♥。
Because Charles is part Scot
因为查尔斯王子是苏格兰的一部分，
and I am a Scot.
而我也是苏格兰人。
And the king in London is a German.
而在伦敦的国王却是德国人。
Prince Charles Edward Stuart,
查尔斯.爱德华.斯图尔特王子，
the centre of all these men’s hopes,himself half-Polish.
他是这些人的希望的中心，他自己有一半波兰血统。
Age 25 and four months,
时年25岁零四个月，
son of the exiled James the Pretender,
是被放逐的伪君詹姆斯二世的儿子，
he landed in Scotland nine months ago,
他在九个月前在苏格兰登陆，
raised the clan army on a Highland surge of nationalism,
在苏格兰高地掀起民族主义浪潮，组建氏族军队，
marched to Derby and came within an ace of toppling the Hanoverian dynasty
进军德比郡差一点推♥翻♥汉诺威王朝，
and regaining the throne for his father.
为父亲重夺王位。
Though since forced to retreat back into the Highlands
尽管后来他被迫撤退，回到了高地苏格兰，
and despite all evidence to the contrary,
他不顾所有这些对他不利的征状，
Charles remains supremely confident
查尔斯却对胜利和英国人♥民♥
both of victory and his welcome by the English people.
对他的欢迎充满了极度自信。
King George ll is both a usurper and a tyrant.
英王乔治二世既是篡位者又是暴君。
He’s kept my father’s crown
他为了占据本应属于
by enslaving all the people of this island.
我父亲的王位，他奴役了这岛上所有的臣民。
He’s deemed unpopular
他注定不得人心，
and I know that once victory is mine
我知道，胜利属于我，
the people of England will welcome me.
英国人♥民♥欢迎我。
Lord George Murray, age 51.
乔治.莫里勋爵，时年51岁。
Lieutenant General in the clan army.
是高地氏族军队的中将。
As their commanding officer,
作为他们的指挥官，
this man forged the undisciplined Highlanders
他把散漫的苏格兰高地人组建成一支军队，
into an army that not only almost reached London
不仅几乎到达了伦敦，
but that also twice reduced superior English forces
而且两次在普雷斯顿潘和福尔柯克
into a panic-stricken rout,
使优势的英国♥军♥队
first at Prestonpans,then at Falkirk.
陷入恐慌。
Blunt, imperious, this man has bitterly quarreled with Charles
布朗特，专横，这个人曾与查尔斯就军队管理的混乱
over the chaos in the army administration
以及战场的选择，
and over the choice of this battlefield,
而越过约翰·威廉·奥沙利文，直接与
chosen by John William O’Sullivan.
王子进行过激烈的争吵。
Flat, treeless, devoid of shelter,
地势平坦，树木稀少，没有遮蔽处，
ideal for the employment by the British army
是英军大炮和骑兵的
of its cannon and cavalry.
理想战场。
And from behind the shelter of these walls,
他们躲在一堵矮墙后面，
which O’Sullivan has refused to pull down,
而奥沙利文却拒绝拆除它们，
Lord George Murray also fears both crossfire and outflanking.
乔治·默里勋爵也害怕被迂回包抄，受到夹击。
Mr O’Sullivan,
奥沙利文先生，
in view of what Lord George feels about the battlefield,
考虑到乔治勋爵对战场的感受
have you inspected the ground yourself?
你亲自检查过战场吗？
– No, I have not.- Why not?
-不，我还没有。-为什么没有？
Because I don’t deem it necessary.
因为我认为没有必要。
It is a large, plain moor
这是一片广阔的平原荒原，
and, as such, it’s a fair field for the enemy horse and cannon