商山早行
温庭筠
晨起动征铎[1]，
客行悲故乡。
鸡声茅店月，
人迹板桥霜。
槲[2]叶落山路，
枳[3]花明驿墙[4]。
因思杜陵[5]梦，
凫[6]雁满回塘[7]。
注释：
[1] 动征铎（duó）：震动出行的铃铛。征铎，车行时悬挂在马颈上的铃铛。铎，大铃。
[2] 槲（hú）：一种落叶乔木。
[3] 枳（zhǐ）：也叫“臭橘”。一种落叶灌木。
[4] 驿墙：驿站的墙壁。驿，古时候递送公文的人或来往官员暂住、换马的处所。
[5] 杜陵：在长安城南，因汉宣帝陵墓所在而得名。这里指长安。作者此时从长安赴襄阳投友，途经商山。
[6] 凫（fú）：野鸭。
[7] 回塘：岸边弯曲的湖塘。
Early Departure on Mount Shang
Wen Tingyun
At dawn I rise, with ringing bells my cab goes,
But grieved in thoughts of my home, I feel lost.
As the moon sets over thatched inn, the cock crows;
Footprints are left on wood bridge paved with frost.
The mountain path is covered with oak leaves,
The post-house bright with blooming orange trees.
The dream of my homeland last night still grieves,
A pool of mallards playing with wild geese.
This poem reveals the poet’s homesickness by describing the scenery.
《商山早行》是唐代文学家温庭筠的诗作。此诗描写了旅途中寒冷凄清的早行景色，抒发了游子在外的孤寂之情和浓浓的思乡之意，字里行间流露出人在旅途的失意和无奈。整首诗正文虽然没有出现一个“早”字，但是通过霜、茅店、鸡声、人迹、板桥、月这六个意象，把初春山村黎明特有的景色，细腻而又精致地描绘出来。全诗语言明净，结构缜密，情景交融，含蓄有致，字里行间都流露出游子在外的孤寂之情和浓浓的思乡之情，是唐诗中的名篇，也是文学史上写羁旅之情的名篇，历来为诗词选家所重视，尤其是诗的颔联：“鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜”，更是脍炙人口，备受推崇。
The poem “Morning Walk on Shang Mountain” is a poem written by Wen Tingjun, a writer of the Tang Dynasty. The poem depicts the cold and miserable scenery of the morning walk during the journey, expressing the loneliness and strong homesickness of the wanderer outside, and revealing the disappointment and helplessness of people on the journey between the lines. Although the word “morning” does not appear in the entire poem, the six imagery of frost, cottage, rooster, human traces, bridge and moon delicately and exquisitely depict the unique scenery of the early spring mountain village at dawn. The poem is a famous poem in the Tang Dynasty, and also a famous piece in the history of literature for writing about the feelings of travelers. The poem is especially popular and highly respected.
