别房太尉[1]墓
他乡复行役[2]，
驻马别孤坟。
近泪无干土，
低空有断云。
对棋陪谢傅[3]，
把剑觅徐君。
唯见林花落，
莺啼送客闻。
房太尉即房琯，唐玄宗入蜀时拜相，为人正直，后为唐肃宗所贬。杜甫曾毅然上疏力谏，结果得罪肃宗，几遭刑戮。房琯罢相后，于公元763年拜特进、刑部尚书。在路遇疾，卒于阆州。两年后杜甫经过此地，写此悼亡之作。诗人四处奔波，风尘仆仆，来到孤坟前。从侧面反映了房琯晚年的坎坷和身后的凄凉。诗人在坟前洒下许多伤悼之泪，以至于身旁周围的土都湿润了。让诗人痛哭流涕的不仅是对逝者的哀伤，也是对自身受尽苦楚而难以言表的悲痛。天低云断，空气里弥漫着愁惨凝滞之感。“对棋”句中，谢傅指东晋名将谢安，生前拜太傅，爱下围棋，借指房琯。“把剑”句用了一个典故，《说苑》载：吴季札聘晋过徐国，心知徐君爱其宝剑，等到他回来的时候，徐君已经去世，于是解剑挂在徐君坟前的树上而去。诗人以谢安的儒雅风流喻房琯，以延陵季子自比，表示对亡友的深情厚谊，虽死不忘。结尾营造一个幽静肃穆的氛围，显得余韵悠扬不尽。
注释：
[1]房太尉：房琯，杜甫好友。官拜刑部尚书，病逝后追赠太尉。
[2]复行役：一再地奔波。
[3]谢傅：指谢安。
At the Graveyard of Former Prime Minister Fang
Being on journey in a foreign land,
I stop my steed at your tomb and still stand.
Wet with tears, no soil in the yard is dry,
Even broken clouds would weep in the sky.
You might play chess with General Xie at ease;
I’d hang my sword in your yard green with trees.
I have only fallen flowers in view
To hear orioles sing their song of adieu.
《别房太尉墓》是中国唐代诗人杜甫创作的一首五言律诗。此诗是诗人经过阆州看望老友房琯之墓时创作，表达了诗人对老友的思念和内心对国事的殷忧和叹息之情。全诗写得既雍容典雅，又一往情深，深沉含蓄。
“At the Graveyard of Former Prime Minister Fang” is a poem in five lines written by Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poem was written when the poet was passing through Langzhou to visit the tomb of his old friend, Fang Kuan, expressing the poet’s longing for his old friend and his deep concern and sorrow for the affairs of the state. The poem is written in a graceful and elegant way, but also with deep and subtle feelings.
