Du Fu Poems: Seven Songs Written in Tonggu  (VII)- 杜甫《同谷七歌  (其七)》

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同谷七歌
(其七)

男儿生不成名身已老,

三年饥走荒山道。

长安卿相多少年,

富贵应须致身早。

山中儒生旧相识,

但话宿昔[1]伤怀抱。

呜呼七歌兮悄终曲,

仰视皇天白日速。

此诗写的是公元759年,杜甫应同谷县令之邀,从秦州出发历尽艰难到达同谷,而县令却嫌弃杜甫已弃官且穷困潦倒便避而不见。适逢大雪封山的隆冬季节,诗人衣食无着之下搭草屋栖身,眼见一家人饿病在床,无奈中长歌当哭,和着血泪写出了这组长诗,这是第七首,是组诗中最精彩的篇章。开头是叹穷嗟老的身世感慨,年近半百,名未成,身已老,转徙流离,老病穷愁,集中地抒发了诗人身世飘零之感。三、四句,追叙困居长安时,达官贵人中少年很多,这不能不使诗人发出愤激的讽刺之词:“富贵应须致身早”,以看似劝人的口吻,表达对凭借父兄余荫谋取卿相的腐败政治的愤慨。诗人身处异常窘困的境地,感叹自己不幸的遭遇,忧国忧民的怀抱无法施展,因而和友人谈起的都是令人伤感的往事。诗人默默地收起笔望天,只见白日转移,向着西方天际快速飞驰,顿生迟暮之感,悲壮激烈之情在诗人心底涌起。

注释:

[1]宿昔:昔日。

Seven Songs Written in Tonggu
(VII)

I am a man grown old without making a name.

Starved three long years, I trudge desolate mountain way.

In the capital young men have won wealth and fame,

It is all natural for them to have their day.

I meet a scholar in the hills, a friend of mine,

Talking about the past, we can give sigh for sigh.

Alas! I’ve sung all my seven songs, line by line;

Looking up, I see the sun sink in western sky.

 

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